APOD: 2016 June 18 - Sputnik Planum vs. Krun Macula

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 18
[2]
Sputnik Planum vs. Krun Macula
Image Credit: NASA [3] , Johns Hopkins Univ./APL [4] , Southwest Research
Institute [5]

Explanation: Pluto's pitted plains meet rugged highlands [6] in this stunning view. On the left lies a southeastern extent of the bright region still informally known as Sputnik Planum [7] . At right the edge of a dark region, informally Krun Macula, rises some 2.5 kilometers above the icy plains. Along the boundary, connected clusters of large pits form deep valleys, some over 40 kilometers long [8] with shadowy floors. Nitrogen ice is likely responsible
for the more reflective plains. The dark red color [9] of the highlands is thought to be from complex compounds called tholins, a product of ultraviolet light induced chemical reactions with methane in Pluto's atmosphere [10] . The enhanced color image includes portions of the highest and second highest resolution image data [11] from the New Horizons July 2015 flyby of the distant world.

Tomorrow's picture: older than trees [12]

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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [23] (MTU [24] ) & Jerry Bonnell [25]
(UMCP [26] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [27] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [28]
A service of: ASD [29] at NASA [30] / GSFC [31]
& Michigan Tech. U. [32]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1606/KrunMaculaNewHorizons.jpg
[3] http://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.jhuapl.edu/
[5] http://www.swri.edu/
[6] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Multimedia/Science-Photos/ image.php?page=1&gallery_id=2&image_id=449
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_Planum
[8] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Multimedia/Science-Photos/ image.php?image_id=448
[9] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/ News-Article.php?page=20150703-2
[10] ap160609.html
[11] http://www.nasa.gov/feature/ new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface
[12] ap160619.html
[13] ap160617.html
[14] archivepix.html
[15] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[16] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[17] calendar/allyears.html
[18] /apod.rss
[19] lib/edlinks.html
[20] lib/about_apod.html
[21] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160618
[22] ap160619.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[25] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[26] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[27] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[28] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[29] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[30] http://www.nasa.gov/
[31] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[32] http://www.mtu.edu/

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APOD: 2016 June 19 - Galaxy and Planets Beyond Bristlecone Pines

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 19
[2]
Galaxy and Planets Beyond Bristlecone Pines
Image Credit & Copyright: Brad Goldpaint [3] (Goldpaint Photography [4] )

Explanation: What's older than these ancient trees? Nobody you know -- but almost everything in the background of this picture. The trees are
impressively old -- each part of the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest [5] located in eastern California [6] , USA [7] . There, many of the oldest trees [8] known are located [9] , some dating as far back as about 5,000 years [10] . Seemingly attached to tree branches, but actually much farther in the distance, are the bright orbs [11] of Saturn [12] (left) and Mars [13] . These planets formed [14] along with the Earth [15] and the early Solar System much earlier -- about 4.5 billion years ago. Swooping down diagonally from the upper left is the oldest structure pictured: the central band [16]
of our Milky Way Galaxy [17] -- dating back around 9 billion years [18] . The featured image was built from several exposures all taken from the same location -- but only a few weeks [19] ago.

Tomorrow's picture: solstice station [20]

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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [32] (MTU [33] ) & Jerry Bonnell [34]
(UMCP [35] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [36] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [37]
A service of: ASD [38] at NASA [39] / GSFC [40]
& Michigan Tech. U. [41]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1606/BristleconeSky_Goldpaint_1600.jpg
[3] http://goldpaintphotography.com/about/
[4] http://www.goldpaintphotography.com/
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Bristlecone_Pine_Forest
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California
[7] https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methuselah_(tree)
[9] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5aQnbBypjk
[10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30th_century_BC
[11] ap160510.html
[12] http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/Saturn
[13] http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/facts/#?c=inspace&s=distance
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System
[15] ap070325.html
[16] ap990224.html
[17] http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galaxy.html
[18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history
[19] http://i.imgur.com/c12wLZX.jpg
[20] ap160620.html
[21] ap160618.html
[22] archivepix.html
[23] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[24] lib/aptree.html
[25] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[26] calendar/allyears.html
[27] /apod.rss
[28] lib/edlinks.html
[29] lib/about_apod.html
[30] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160619
[31] ap160620.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[34] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[35] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[36] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[37] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[38] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[39] http://www.nasa.gov/
[40] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[41] http://www.mtu.edu/

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APOD: 2016 June 20 - Sunrise Solstice over Stonehenge

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 20
[2]
Sunrise Solstice over Stonehenge
Image Credit & Copyright: Max Alexander [3] , STFC [4] , SPL [5]

Explanation: Today the Sun reaches its northernmost point in planet Earth's sky. Called a solstice [6] , the date traditionally marks a change of seasons -- from spring to summer in Earth [7] 's Northern Hemisphere and from fall to winter in Earth's Southern Hemisphere [8] . The featured image was taken
during the week of the 2008 summer solstice [9] at Stonehenge [10] in United Kingdom [11] , and captures a picturesque sunrise involving fog, trees,
clouds, stones placed [12] about 4,500 years ago, and a 4.5 billion year old large glowing orb [13] . Even given the precession of the Earth's rotational axis [14] over the millennia, the Sun [15] continues to rise over Stonehenge [16] in an astronomically significant way [17] .

Tomorrow's picture: prickly pinwheel [18]

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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [30] (MTU [31] ) & Jerry Bonnell [32]
(UMCP [33] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [34] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [35]
A service of: ASD [36] at NASA [37] / GSFC [38]
& Michigan Tech. U. [39]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1606/StonehengeSun_alexander_4200.jpg
[3] http://www.maxalexander.com/biography/index.html
[4] http://www.stfc.ac.uk/
[5] http://www.sciencephoto.com/
[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solstice
[7] ap050102.html
[8] ap021222.html
[9] ap120923.html
[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge
[11] https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/uk.html
[12] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6oxmxPKoSE
[13] ap100523.html
[14] http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=54
[15] http://www.nasa.gov/sun
[16] http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/Stonehenge
[17] http://earthsky.org/earth/gallery-the-summer-solstice-as-seen-from-stonehenge
[18] ap160621.html
[19] ap160619.html
[20] archivepix.html
[21] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[22] lib/aptree.html
[23] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[24] calendar/allyears.html
[25] /apod.rss
[26] lib/edlinks.html
[27] lib/about_apod.html
[28] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160620
[29] ap160621.html
[30] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[32] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[33] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[34] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[35] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[36] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[37] http://www.nasa.gov/
[38] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[39] http://www.mtu.edu/

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APOD: 2016 June 21 - NGC 6814: Grand Design Spiral Galaxy from Hubble

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 21
[2]
NGC 6814: Grand Design Spiral Galaxy from Hubble
Image Credit: ESA [3] / Hubble [4] & NASA [5] ; Acknowledgement: Judy Schmidt
[6] (Geckzilla [7] )

Explanation: In the center of this serene stellar swirl is likely a harrowing black-hole beast. The surrounding swirl sweeps around billions of stars which are highlighted by the brightest and bluest. The breadth and beauty of the display give the swirl the designation of a grand design [8] spiral galaxy. The central beast shows evidence that it is a supermassive black hole [9]
about 10 million times the mass of our Sun [10] . This ferocious creature devours stars and gas [11] and is surrounded by a spinning moat of hot plasma that emits blasts [12] of X-rays [13] . The central violent activity gives it the designation of a Seyfert galaxy [14] . Together, this beauty and beast
[15] are cataloged as NGC 6814 and have been appearing together [16] toward the constellation of the Eagle (Aquila [17] ) for roughly the past billion years.

Tomorrow's picture: open space [18]

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[24] | RSS [25] | Education [26] | About APOD [27] | Discuss [28] | > [29] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [30] (MTU [31] ) & Jerry Bonnell [32]
(UMCP [33] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [34] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [35]
A service of: ASD [36] at NASA [37] / GSFC [38]
& Michigan Tech. U. [39]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1606/NGC6814_hubble_3970.jpg
[3] http://www.esa.int/
[4] https://www.spacetelescope.org/
[5] http://www.nasa.gov/
[6] https://www.flickr.com/photos/geckzilla/
[7] http://geckzilla.com/
[8] ap150211.html
[9]
http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/ what-is-a-black-hole-58.html
[10] ap121015.html
[11] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hu6hIhW00Fk
[12] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MNRAS.456.4040T
[13] http://missionscience.nasa.gov/ems/11_xrays.html
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyfert_galaxy
[15] https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1619a/
[16] http://upshout.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/cat-and-dog-friends-001.jpg
[17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquila_(constellation)
[18] ap160622.html
[19] ap160620.html
[20] archivepix.html
[21] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[22] lib/aptree.html
[23] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[24] calendar/allyears.html
[25] /apod.rss
[26] lib/edlinks.html
[27] lib/about_apod.html
[28] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160621
[29] ap160622.html
[30] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[32] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[33] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[34] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[35] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[36] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[37] http://www.nasa.gov/
[38] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[39] http://www.mtu.edu/

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APOD: 2016 June 22 - Cirrus over Paris

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 22
[2]
Cirrus over Paris
Image Credit & Copyright: Bertrand Kulik [3]

Explanation: What's that over Paris? Cirrus. Typically, cirrus clouds [4] appear white or gray when reflecting sunlight, can appear dark at sunset (or sunrise) against a better lit sky. Cirrus are among the highest [5] types of clouds and are usually thin enough to see stars through. Cirrus clouds [6] may form from moisture released above storm clouds [7] and so may herald the arrival of a significant change in weather [8] . Conversely, cirrus clouds [9]
have also been seen on Mars [10] , Jupiter [11] , Saturn [12] , Titan [13] , Uranus [14] , and Neptune [15] . The featured image was taken two days ago
from a window in District 15 [16] , Paris [17] , France [18] , Earth [19] .
The brightly lit object [20] on the lower right is, of course, the Eiffel Tower [21] .

Tomorrow's picture: open space [22]

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Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [34] (MTU [35] ) & Jerry Bonnell [36]
(UMCP [37] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [38] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [39]
A service of: ASD [40] at NASA [41] / GSFC [42]
& Michigan Tech. U. [43]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1606/CirrusParis_Kulik_1080.jpg
[3] http://ptrenard.skyrock.com/
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrus_cloud
[5] http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Clouds/clouds3.php
[6] http://scied.ucar.edu/imagecontent/cirrus-clouds
[7] ap130505.html
[8] https://a.dilcdn.com/bl/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2012/10/dignity.jpg
[9] http://epod.usra.edu/blog/2007/02/whimsical-cirrus.html
[10] ap010417.html
[11] http://www.britannica.com/place/Jupiter-planet/Cloud-composition
[12] http://www.liquisearch.com/cirrus_cloud/extraterrestrial
[13] http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/whycassini/titan-clouds.html
[14] http://www.livescience.com/25966-bright-clouds-on-uranus.html
[15] ap150215.html
[16] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mqw9vRYR0g4
[17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris
[18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France
[19] ap070325.html
[20] ap130327.html
[21] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_Tower
[22] ap160623.html
[23] ap160621.html
[24] archivepix.html
[25] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[26] lib/aptree.html
[27] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[28] calendar/allyears.html
[29] /apod.rss
[30] lib/edlinks.html
[31] lib/about_apod.html
[32] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160622
[33] ap160623.html
[34] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[36] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[37] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[38] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[39] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[40] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[41] http://www.nasa.gov/
[42] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[43] http://www.mtu.edu/

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APOD: 2016 June 23 - Solstice Dawn and Full Moonset

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 23
[2]
Solstice Dawn and Full Moonset
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Laurie Hatch [4]

Explanation: A Full Moon sets as the Solstice Sun rises in this June 20 dawn skyscape. Captured from a nearby peak [5] in central California, planet
Earth, the scene looks across the summit of Mount Hamilton and Lick
Observatory [6] domes on a calendar date that marks an astronomical change of seasons and hemispherical [7] extremes of daylight hours [8] . Earth's shadow stretches toward the Santa Cruz Mountains on the western horizon. Just above the atmospheric grey shadowband is a more colorful anti-twilight arch, a band of reddened, backscattered sunlight also known as the Belt of Venus [9] . The interplay of solstice dates and lunar months does make this solstice and Full Moon a rare match-up. The next June solstice and Full Moon [10] will fall on the same calendar date on June 21, 2062.

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space [11]

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[17] | Education [18] | About APOD [19] | Discuss [20] | > [21] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [22] (MTU [23] ) & Jerry Bonnell [24]
(UMCP [25] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [26] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [27]
A service of: ASD [28] at NASA [29] / GSFC [30]
& Michigan Tech. U. [31]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1606/LH7407_LickObservatorySolsticeDawnMoonset_1440x960.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.lauriehatch.com/
[5] http://www.lauriehatch.com/ GalleryMain.asp?GalleryID=134713&AKey=6Q457TBG
[6] https://www.ucolick.org/main/index.html
[7] http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=6125
[8] http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/ june-solstice-means-late-nights-bright-lights/
[9] http://www.atoptics.co.uk/atoptics/earshad.htm
[10] http://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/ june-solstice-full-moon-in-2016
[11] ap160624.html
[12] ap160622.html
[13] archivepix.html
[14] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[15] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[16] calendar/allyears.html
[17] /apod.rss
[18] lib/edlinks.html
[19] lib/about_apod.html
[20] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160623
[21] ap160624.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[24] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[25] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[26] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[27] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[28] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[29] http://www.nasa.gov/
[30] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31] http://www.mtu.edu/

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APOD: 2016 June 24 - Sagittarius Sunflowers

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 24
[2]
Sagittarius Sunflowers
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Andrew Campbell [4]

Explanation: These three bright nebulae are often featured in telescopic tours of the constellation Sagittarius [5] and the crowded starfields of the
central Milky Way [6] . In fact, 18th century cosmic tourist Charles Messier [7] cataloged two of them; M8, the large nebula left of center, and colorful M20 near the bottom of the frame The third, NGC 6559 [8] , is right of M8, separated from the larger nebula by dark dust lanes. All three are stellar nurseries about five thousand light-years or so distant. The expansive M8,
over a hundred light-years across, is also known as the Lagoon Nebula [9] . M20's popular moniker is the Trifid [10] . In the composite image, narrowband data records ionized hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur atoms radiating at visible wavelengths. The mapping of colors and range of brightness used to compose
this cosmic still life [11] were inspired by Van Gogh's famous Sunflowers [12] . Just right of the Trifid one of Messier's open star clusters, M21 [13] , is also included on the telescopic canvas.

Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend [14]

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[20] | Education [21] | About APOD [22] | Discuss [23] | > [24] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [25] (MTU [26] ) & Jerry Bonnell [27]
(UMCP [28] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [29] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [30]
A service of: ASD [31] at NASA [32] / GSFC [33]
& Michigan Tech. U. [34]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1606/SagTrip_q100_watermark_CopyrightAndys_Astropix2016.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] https://www.facebook.com/AndysAstropix/
[5] http://www.hawastsoc.org/deepsky/sgr/ index.html
[6] ap130712.html
[7] http://messier.seds.org/xtra/history/ biograph.html
[8] ap120627.html
[9] ap160105.html
[10] ap110513.html
[11] http://www.astrobin.com/251583/0/
[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Sunflowers_(Van_Gogh_series)
[13] http://messier.seds.org/m/m021.html
[14] ap160625.html
[15] ap160623.html
[16] archivepix.html
[17] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[18] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[19] calendar/allyears.html
[20] /apod.rss
[21] lib/edlinks.html
[22] lib/about_apod.html
[23] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160624
[24] ap160625.html
[25] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[26] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[27] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[28] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[29] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[30] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[31] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[32] http://www.nasa.gov/
[33] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[34] http://www.mtu.edu/

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APOD: 2016 June 25 - Strawberry to Honey Moonrise

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 25
[2]
Strawberry to Honey Moonrise
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Trevor Mahlmann [4]

Explanation: Near the horizon [5] the Full Moon often seems to loom large, swollen in appearance by the famous Moon illusion. But timelapse images demonstrate that the Moon's apparent size doesn't really change as it climbs toward the zenith [6] . Its color does, though. Recording a frame [7] every 10 seconds, this image shows how dramatic that color change can be. The composite follows a solstice [8] Full Moon climbing above a rugged horizon over northwestern Indiana. A shrinking line-of-sight through planet Earth's dense and dusty atmosphere shifted [9] the moonlight from strawberry red through honey-colored and paler yellowish hues. That change seems appropriate for a northern June Full Moon also known as [10] the Strawberry [11] or Honey Moon [12] .

Tomorrow's picture: from New Horizons [13]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
< [14] | Archive [15] | Submissions [16] | Search [17] | Calendar [18] | RSS
[19] | Education [20] | About APOD [21] | Discuss [22] | > [23] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [24] (MTU [25] ) & Jerry Bonnell [26]
(UMCP [27] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [28] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [29]
A service of: ASD [30] at NASA [31] / GSFC [32]
& Michigan Tech. U. [33]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1606/Jun21-2016-FullBlend2048.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] https://www.facebook.com/TrevorMahlmann
[5] ap110320.html
[6] http://moon.nasa.gov/home.cfm
[7] https://blog.tmahlmann.com/
[8] ap160623.html
[9] http://www.atoptics.co.uk/atoptics/sunsets.htm#rayleigh
[10] http://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/ full-moon-names
[11] ap140613.html
[12] ap140621.html
[13] ap160626.html
[14] ap160624.html
[15] archivepix.html
[16] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[17] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[18] calendar/allyears.html
[19] /apod.rss
[20] lib/edlinks.html
[21] lib/about_apod.html
[22] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160625
[23] ap160626.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[25] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[26] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[27] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[28] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[29] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[30] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[31] http://www.nasa.gov/
[32] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[33] http://www.mtu.edu/

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APOD: 2016 June 26 - Jupiters Clouds from New Horizons

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 26
[2]
Jupiter's Clouds from New Horizons
Image Credit: NASA [3] , Johns Hopkins U. APL [4] , SWRI [5]

Explanation: The New Horizons spacecraft took some stunning images of Jupiter on its way out to Pluto. Famous for its Great Red Spot [6] , Jupiter is also known for its regular, equatorial cloud bands, visible [7] through even
modest sized telescopes. The featured image [8] , horizontally compressed, was taken in 2007 near Jupiter's terminator [9] and shows the Jovian giant's wide diversity of cloud patterns [10] . On the far left are clouds closest to Jupiter's South Pole. Here turbulent whirlpools [11] and swirls are seen in a dark region, dubbed a belt, that rings the planet. Even light colored regions, called zones, show tremendous structure, complete with complex wave patterns [12] . The energy that drives these waves surely comes from below. New
Horizons [13] is the fastest space probe [14] ever launched, has successfully complete its main flyby of Pluto [15] in 2015, and is now heading further out and on track to flyby Kuiper belt [16] object 2014 MU69 [17] in 2019. In the near term, many space enthusiasts [18] excitedly await Juno [19] 's arrival [20] at Jupiter next Monday.

APOD in Poster Format: PDF [21] , JPG [22] , Powerpoint [23]
Tomorrow's picture: over the horizon [24]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [25] | Archive [26] | Submissions [27] | Index [28] | Search [29] | Calendar
[30] | RSS [31] | Education [32] | About APOD [33] | Discuss [34] | > [35] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [36] (MTU [37] ) & Jerry Bonnell [38]
(UMCP [39] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [40] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [41]
A service of: ASD [42] at NASA [43] / GSFC [44]
& Michigan Tech. U. [45]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1606/jupiterclouds_newhorizons_1843.jpg
[3] http://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.jhuapl.edu/
[5] http://www.swri.edu/
[6] ap110502.html
[7] ap111022.html
[8]
http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Multimedia/Science-Photos/ image.php?page=13&gallery_id=2&image_id=63
[9] ap030424.html
[10] ap050911.html
[11] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7w4V4AT9kVU
[12] http://planetary.org/blog/article/00001187/
[13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Horizons
[14] http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/F/ fastest_spacecraft.html
[15] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/mission/whereis_nh.php
[16] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object
[17] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20150828
[18] ap150401.html
[19] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/overview/index.html
[20] http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/where
[21] image/1606/poster160626.pdf
[22] image/1606/poster160626.jpg
[23] image/1606/poster160626.pptx
[24] ap160627.html
[25] ap160625.html
[26] archivepix.html
[27] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[28] lib/aptree.html
[29] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[30] calendar/allyears.html
[31] /apod.rss
[32] lib/edlinks.html
[33] lib/about_apod.html
[34] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160626
[35] ap160627.html
[36] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[37] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[38] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[39] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[40] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[41] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[42] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[43] http://www.nasa.gov/
[44] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[45] http://www.mtu.edu/

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APOD: 2016 June 27 - Anticrepuscular Rays over Colorado II

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 27
[2]
Anticrepuscular Rays over Colorado (II)
Image Credit & Copyright: Regina Kelly [3]

Explanation: What's happening over the horizon? Although the scene may appear somehow supernatural [4] , nothing more unusual is occurring than a setting
Sun [5] and some well placed clouds. Pictured above are anticrepuscular rays [6] . To understand them, start by picturing common crepuscular rays [7] that are seen any time that sunlight pours [8] though scattered clouds. Now although sunlight indeed travels along straight lines [9] , the projections of these lines onto the spherical sky [10] are great circles [11] . Therefore, the crepuscular rays [12] from a setting (or rising) sun [13] will appear to re-converge [14] on the other side [15] of the sky. At the anti-solar point 180 degrees around from the Sun [16] , they are referred to as anticrepuscular rays [17] . Featured here is a particularly striking display of
anticrepuscular rays [18] photographed earlier this month in Westminster [19] , Colorado [20] , USA [21] .

Deja vu: Anticrepuscular Rays over Colorado (I) [22]
Tomorrow's picture: Juno trailer [23]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [24] | Archive [25] | Submissions [26] | Index [27] | Search [28] | Calendar
[29] | RSS [30] | Education [31] | About APOD [32] | Discuss [33] | > [34] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [35] (MTU [36] ) & Jerry Bonnell [37]
(UMCP [38] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [39] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [40]
A service of: ASD [41] at NASA [42] / GSFC [43]
& Michigan Tech. U. [44]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1606/Anticrep02_Kelly_3264.jpg
[3] mailto: padamekelly @at@ yahoo .dot. com
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Demon-Haunted_World
[5] ap980526.html
[6] http://www.atoptics.co.uk/atoptics/anti1.htm
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crepuscular_rays
[8] ap050831.html
[9] https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/straight_line_graph.html
[10] http://math.rice.edu/~pcmi/sphere/
[11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_circle
[12] http://www.allthesky.com/atmosphere/sunrays.html
[13] ap010313.html
[14] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fC3u1opK9YE
[15] http://healingrescuedogs.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/July-10-06-005.jpg
[16] sun.html
[17] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticrepuscular_ray
[18] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nCY-sBhwqM
[19] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster,_Colorado
[20] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado
[21] https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
[22] ap101128.html
[23] ap160628.html
[24] ap160626.html
[25] archivepix.html
[26] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[27] lib/aptree.html
[28] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[29] calendar/allyears.html
[30] /apod.rss
[31] lib/edlinks.html
[32] lib/about_apod.html
[33] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160627
[34] ap160628.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[36] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[37] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[38] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[39] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[40] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[41] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[42] http://www.nasa.gov/
[43] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[44] http://www.mtu.edu/

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APOD: 2016 June 28 - Juno Mission Trailer

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 28
Juno Mission Trailer
Video Credit: NASA [2] , JPL [3] , Juno Mission [4]

Explanation: What will NASA's Juno spacecraft find when it reaches Jupiter
next Monday? Very little, if Juno [5] does not survive Jupiter Orbit
Insertion [6] , a complex series of operations in an unknown environment just above Jupiter's cloud tops. If successful, as explained in the featured video [7] , Juno will swoop around Jupiter, passing closer than any previous spacecraft. The goal is to decelerate, enter into a highly elliptical orbit
[8] , and begin two years of science operations. Juno's science mission objectives [9] include mapping Jupiter's deep structure, determining how much water is in Jupiter's atmosphere, and exploring Jupiter's powerful magnetic field and how it creates auroras [10] around Jupiter's poles. These lessons [11] hold promise to help humanity better understand the history of our Solar System and the dynamics of our Earth. Juno is powered predominantly by three large solar panels [12] , each measuring a side of small truck. Launched in 2011 [13] , Juno's planned mission will take it around the Jovian giant 37 times, after which, to avoid contaminating Europa [14] with microbes, it will be directed to dive into Jupiter [15] 's thick atmosphere, where it will break apart and melt.

Share the sky: NASA and APOD APIs [16]
Tomorrow's picture: open space [17]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [18] | Archive [19] | Submissions [20] | Index [21] | Search [22] | Calendar
[23] | RSS [24] | Education [25] | About APOD [26] | Discuss [27] | > [28] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [29] (MTU [30] ) & Jerry Bonnell [31]
(UMCP [32] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [33] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [34]
A service of: ASD [35] at NASA [36] / GSFC [37]
& Michigan Tech. U. [38]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] http://www.nasa.gov/
[3] http://www.jpl.nasa.gov
[4] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/main/index.html
[5] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/overview/index.html
[6] http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/juno/
[7] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2fknqVk2yk
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_orbit
[9] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/overview/index.html
[10] ap001219.html
[11] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUupykttb_Y
[12]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)#/media/ File:Illumination_test_on_one_of_Juno%27s_solar_panels.jpg
[13] ap110809.html
[14] ap960806.html
[15] https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/deorbit
[16] https://open.nasa.gov/blog/nasa-apis/
[17] ap160629.html
[18] ap160627.html
[19] archivepix.html
[20] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[21] lib/aptree.html
[22] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[23] calendar/allyears.html
[24] /apod.rss
[25] lib/edlinks.html
[26] lib/about_apod.html
[27] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160628
[28] ap160629.html
[29] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[30] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[31] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[32] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[33] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[34] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[35] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[36] http://www.nasa.gov/
[37] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[38] http://www.mtu.edu/

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APOD: 2016 June 29 - From Alpha to Omega in Crete

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 29
[2]
From Alpha to Omega in Crete
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Johannes Schedler (Panther Observatory [4] )

Explanation: This beautiful telephoto composition [5] spans light-years in a natural night skyscape from the island of Crete. Looking south, exposures both track the stars and record a fixed foreground in three merged panels that
cover a 10x12 degree wide field of view. The May 15 waxing gibbous moonlight illuminates the church and mountainous terrain. A mere 18 thousand light-years away, huge globular star cluster Omega Centauri [6] (NGC 5139) shining above gives a good visual impression of its appearance in binoculars on that starry night. Active galaxy Centaurus A [7] (NGC 5128) is near the top of the frame, some 11 million light-years distant. Also found toward the expansive southern constellation Centaurus and about the size of our own Milky Way is edge on spiral galaxy NGC 4945 [8] . About 13 million light-years distant it's only a little farther along, and just above the horizon at the right [9] .

Tomorrow's picture: the artificial night [10]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
< [11] | Archive [12] | Submissions [13] | Search [14] | Calendar [15] | RSS
[16] | Education [17] | About APOD [18] | Discuss [19] | > [20] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [21] (MTU [22] ) & Jerry Bonnell [23]
(UMCP [24] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [25] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [26]
A service of: ASD [27] at NASA [28] / GSFC [29]
& Michigan Tech. U. [30]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1606/Omega_Crete_200mm_50schedler.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://panther-observatory.com
[5] http://panther-observatory.com/gallery/deepsky/doc/ Omega_Crete_200mm.htm
[6] ap160427.html
[7] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2014/cena/
[8] ap150528.html
[9] image/1606/Omega_Crete_200mm_15schedler_label.jpg
[10] ap160630.html
[11] ap160628.html
[12] archivepix.html
[13] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[14] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[15] calendar/allyears.html
[16] /apod.rss
[17] lib/edlinks.html
[18] lib/about_apod.html
[19] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160629
[20] ap160630.html
[21] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[23] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[24] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[25] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[26] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[27] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[28] http://www.nasa.gov/
[29] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[30] http://www.mtu.edu/

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APOD: 2016 June 30 - The New World Atlas of Artificial Sky Brightness

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 June 30
[2]
The New World Atlas of Artificial Sky Brightness
Image Credit & License [3] : F. Falchi et al. [4] , Light Pollution Atlas [5]
, ISTIL [6]

Explanation: How far are you [7] from a naturally dark night sky? In increasing steps, this world map (medium [8] | large [9] ) shows the effect
of artificial night sky brightness on the visual appearance [10] of the night sky. The brightness was modeled using high resolution satellite data [11] and fit to thousands of night sky brightness measurements in recent work. [12] Color-coded levels are compared to the natural sky brightness level for your location. For example, artificial sky brightness levels in yellow alter the natural appearance of the night sky. In red they hide the Milky Way [13] in
an artificial luminous fog [14] . The results indicate that the historically common appearance of our galaxy at night is now lost for more than one-third
of humanity. That includes 60% of Europeans and almost 80% of North Americans, along with inhabitants of other densely populated [15] , light-polluted
regions of planet Earth [16] .

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space [17]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
< [18] | Archive [19] | Submissions [20] | Search [21] | Calendar [22] | RSS
[23] | Education [24] | About APOD [25] | Discuss [26] | > [27] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [28] (MTU [29] ) & Jerry Bonnell [30]
(UMCP [31] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [32] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [33]
A service of: ASD [34] at NASA [35] / GSFC [36]
& Michigan Tech. U. [37]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1606/VisualimpactsPlanisphereAPOD2048.jpg
[3] http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
[4] http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/6/e1600377
[5] https://www.facebook.com/lightpollutionatlas/
[6] http://www.istil.it/indexit.html
[7] ap080713.html
[8] image/1606/VisualimpactsPlanisphereAPOD2048.jpg
[9] image/1606/VisualimpactsPlanisphereAPODcopy.jpg
[10] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0022407315302144
[11] http://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html
[12] http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/6/e1600377
[13] http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/ 2001/ast01nov_1/
[14] http://astronomerswithoutborders.org/gam2015-programs/ dark-skies-awareness/dsa-blog/2634-5-appalling-facts-about-light-pollution.html
[15] ap130411.html
[16] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVAQ4TYBVig
[17] ap160701.html
[18] ap160629.html
[19] archivepix.html
[20] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[21] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[22] calendar/allyears.html
[23] /apod.rss
[24] lib/edlinks.html
[25] lib/about_apod.html
[26] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160630
[27] ap160701.html
[28] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[29] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[30] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[31] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[32] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[33] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[34] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[35] http://www.nasa.gov/
[36] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[37] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A23 (Windows)
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APOD: 2016 July 1 - Juno Approaching Jupiter

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 July 1
[2]
Juno Approaching Jupiter
Image Credit: NASA [3] , JPL [4] , Juno Mission [5]

Explanation: Approaching over the north pole after nearly a five-year journey, Juno enjoys [6] a perspective on Jupiter not often seen, even by spacecraft from Earth that usually swing by closer to Jupiter's equator. Looking down toward the ruling gas giant from a distance of 10.9 million kilometers, the spacecraft's JunoCam captured this image [7] with Jupiter's nightside and orbiting entourage of four large Galilean moons on June 21. JunoCam is
intended [8] to provide close-up views of the gas giant's cloudy zoned and belted [9] atmosphere and on July 4 (July 5 UT) Juno is set to burn its main engine to slow down and be captured into its own orbit. If all goes well [10]
, it will be the first spacecraft to orbit the poles of Jupiter, skimming to within 5,000 kilometers of the Jovian cloud tops during the 20 month mission.

Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend [11]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
< [12] | Archive [13] | Submissions [14] | Search [15] | Calendar [16] | RSS
[17] | Education [18] | About APOD [19] | Discuss [20] | > [21] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [22] (MTU [23] ) & Jerry Bonnell [24]
(UMCP [25] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [26] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [27]
A service of: ASD [28] at NASA [29] / GSFC [30]
& Michigan Tech. U. [31]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1607/PIA20701_fig1JupiterJuno.jpg
[3] http://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.jpl.nasa.gov
[5] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/main/index.html
[6] ap160628.html
[7] http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20701
[8] http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2016/ 06090600-what-to-expect-from-junocam.html
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Jupiter
[10] https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/ nasa-announces-coverage-media-activities-for-juno-mission-arrival-at-jupiter
[11] ap160702.html
[12] ap160630.html
[13] archivepix.html
[14] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[15] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[16] calendar/allyears.html
[17] /apod.rss
[18] lib/edlinks.html
[19] lib/about_apod.html
[20] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160701
[21] ap160702.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[24] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[25] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[26] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[27] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[28] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[29] http://www.nasa.gov/
[30] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A23 (Windows)
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APOD: 2016 July 2 - Firefly Trails and the Summer Milky Way

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2016 July 2
[2]
Firefly Trails and the Summer Milky Way
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Malcolm Park [4] (North York Astronomical
Association [5] )

Explanation: A camera fixed low to a tripod on a northern summer's eve [6] captured the series of images used in this serene, southern Ontario skyscape. The lakeside view frames our fair galaxy above calm water and the night's quintessential luminous apparitions. But the trails of light are neither satellite [7] glint, nor meteor [8] flash, nor auroral [9] glow. In the wide-field composite constructed with four consecutive 15 second exposures, a pulsing firefly [10] enters at the right, first wandering toward the camera, then left and back toward the lake, the central Milky Way rising in the background.

Tomorrow's picture: nor Schrodinger's cat [11]

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< [12] | Archive [13] | Submissions [14] | Search [15] | Calendar [16] | RSS
[17] | Education [18] | About APOD [19] | Discuss [20] | > [21] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [22] (MTU [23] ) & Jerry Bonnell [24]
(UMCP [25] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [26] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [27]
A service of: ASD [28] at NASA [29] / GSFC [30]
& Michigan Tech. U. [31]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1607/FireflyMilkyWayMPark1024.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.photopark.ca/
[5] http://www.nyaa.ca/
[6] ap110805.html
[7] https://spotthestation.nasa.gov/
[8] ap151120.html
[9] ap160616.html
[10] http://www.learner.org/jnorth/tm/spring/Firefly2.html
[11] ap160703.html
[12] ap160701.html
[13] archivepix.html
[14] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[15] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[16] calendar/allyears.html
[17] /apod.rss
[18] lib/edlinks.html
[19] lib/about_apod.html
[20] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=160702
[21] ap160703.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[24] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[25] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[26] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[27] http://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[28] http://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[29] http://www.nasa.gov/
[30] http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A24 (Windows)
# Origin: (1:393/68)
# Origin: LiveWire BBS -=*=- telnet://livewirebbs.com (1:2320/100)
* Origin: LiveWire BBS - Synchronet - LiveWireBBS.com (1:2320/100)

APOD: 2018 July 3 - An Airplane in Front of the Moon

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 3
[2]
An Airplane in Front of the Moon
Image Credit & Copyright: Ji-Hoon Kim [3]

Explanation: If you look closely at the Moon, you will see a large airplane in front of it. Well, not always. OK, hardly ever. Actually, to capture [4] an image [5] like [6] this [7] takes precise timing [8] , an exposure fast
enough to freeze the airplane and not overexpose the Moon -- but slow enough
to see both, a steady camera, and luck -- because not every plane that approaches the Moon [9] crosses in front. Helpful equipment includes a camera with fast continuous video mode and a mount that automatically tracks the Moon [10] . The featured fleeting superposition [11] was captured from Seoul [12]
, South Korea [13] two weeks ago during a daytime waxing gibbous [14]
moonrise. Within 1/10th of a second, the airplane crossing was over [15] .

Follow APOD on: Facebook [16] , Google Plus [17] , Instagram [18] , or Twitter
[19]
Tomorrow's picture: flashy rocket launch [20]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [21] | Archive [22] | Submissions [23] | Index [24] | Search [25] | Calendar
[26] | RSS [27] | Education [28] | About APOD [29] | Discuss [30] | > [31] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [32] (MTU [33] ) & Jerry Bonnell [34]
(UMCP [35] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [36] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [37]
A service of: ASD [38] at NASA [39] / GSFC [40]
& Michigan Tech. U. [41]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/PlaneMoon_Kim_4000.jpg
[3] mailto: zpdlxl25 @at@ naver .dot. com
[4]
https://petapixel.com/2015/09/05/ how-i-shot-a-plane-flying-through-the-supermoon/
[5] ap100929.html
[6] ap170117.html
[7] ap130513.html
[8] https://www.timeanddate.com/stopwatch/
[9] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/earths-moon/overview/
[10] https://www.mooncalc.org/
[11]
https://www.facebook.com/ photo.php?fbid=1637672083024888&set=a.134644756660969.23628. 100003463367932&type=3&theater
[12] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQGiCrDAvJc
[13] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea
[14] http://earthsky.org/moon-phases/waxing-gibbous
[15] https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CdhVCN9W0AAh_Vm.jpg
[16] https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyPictureOfTheDay
[17] https://plus.google.com/u/1/+AstronomyPictureOfTheDay
[18] https://www.instagram.com/astronomypicturesdaily/
[19] http://twitter.com/apod/
[20] ap180704.html
[21] ap180702.html
[22] archivepix.html
[23] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[24] lib/aptree.html
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[26] calendar/allyears.html
[27] /apod.rss
[28] lib/edlinks.html
[29] lib/about_apod.html
[30] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180703
[31] ap180704.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[34] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[35] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[36] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[38] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[41] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 4 - Dawn s Early Light, Rocket s Red Glare

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 4
[2]
Dawn's Early Light, Rocket's Red Glare
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Michael Seeley [4]

Explanation: If you saw [5] the dawn's early light from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station last Friday, June 29, then you could have seen this rocket's red glare. The single 277-second long exposure, made from the roof of NASA's Vehicle Assembly building, shows a predawn Falcon 9 launch, the rocket streaking eastward into the sky about 45 minutes before sunrise. At high altitude, its stage separation plume is brightly lit by the Sun still below
the eastern horizon. The Falcon 9 rocket's first stage had been launched
before [6] , lofting the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) into orbit on April 18, only 72 days earlier [7] . For this launch of SpaceX Commercial Resupply Service mission 15 (CRS-15) it carried an also previously flown Dragon capsule. But no further reuse of this Falcon 9 was planned so no dramatic first stage landing followed [8] the launch. The Dragon capsule arrived at the International Space Station on July 2 [9] .

Tomorrow's picture: shadowrise [10]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [11] | Archive [12] | Submissions [13] | Index [14] | Search [15] | Calendar
[16] | RSS [17] | Education [18] | About APOD [19] | Discuss [20] | > [21] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [22] (MTU [23] ) & Jerry Bonnell [24]
(UMCP [25] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [26] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [27]
A service of: ASD [28] at NASA [29] / GSFC [30]
& Michigan Tech. U. [31]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/5D4_4276_crs15launch2048.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.mseeley.net/
[5] https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200000017
[6] https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/06/ final-block-4-falcon-9-crs-15-dragon-launch/
[7] ap180421.html
[8] ap180113.html
[9] https://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2018/07/02/ dragon-now-installed-to-station-for-month-long-stay/
[10] ap180705.html
[11] ap180703.html
[12] archivepix.html
[13] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[14] lib/aptree.html
[15] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[16] calendar/allyears.html
[17] /apod.rss
[18] lib/edlinks.html
[19] lib/about_apod.html
[20] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180704
[21] ap180705.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[25] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[26] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[27] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[28] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 5 - Shadow Rise on the Inside Passage

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 5
[2]
Shadow Rise on the Inside Passage
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Steve Cullen [4]

Explanation: At sunset look east not west. As Earth's dark shadow rises [5] from the eastern horizon, faint and subtle colors will appear opposite the setting Sun. This beautiful evening sea and skyscape records the reflective scene from a cruise on the well-traveled Alaskan Inside Passage [6] in the Pacific Northwest. Along the horizon the fading sunset gives way to the the pinkish anti-twilight arch, more poetically known as the Belt of Venus [7] . Often overlooked [8] at sunset in favor of the brighter western horizon, the lovely arch is tinted by filtered sunlight backscattered in the dense atmosphere, hugging the planet's rising blue-grey shadow [9] .

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space [10]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [11] | Archive [12] | Submissions [13] | Index [14] | Search [15] | Calendar
[16] | RSS [17] | Education [18] | About APOD [19] | Discuss [20] | > [21] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [22] (MTU [23] ) & Jerry Bonnell [24]
(UMCP [25] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [26] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [27]
A service of: ASD [28] at NASA [29] / GSFC [30]
& Michigan Tech. U. [31]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/BeltofVenus062718_Cullen.jpeg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.stevecullenmedia.com/about/
[5] ap170414.html
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_Passage
[7] ap060615.html
[8] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/langley/ student-made-mars-rover-concepts-lift-off
[9] https://www.atoptics.co.uk/atoptics/earshad.htm
[10] ap180706.html
[11] ap180704.html
[12] archivepix.html
[13] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[14] lib/aptree.html
[15] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[16] calendar/allyears.html
[17] /apod.rss
[18] lib/edlinks.html
[19] lib/about_apod.html
[20] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180705
[21] ap180706.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[25] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[26] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[27] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[28] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 6 - Charon: Moon of Pluto

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 6
[2]
Charon: Moon of Pluto
Image Credit: NASA [3] , Johns Hopkins Univ./APL [4] , Southwest Research
Institute [5] , U.S. Naval Observatory [6]

Explanation: A darkened and mysterious north polar region known to some as [7] Mordor Macula caps this premier high-resolution view. The portrait of Charon [8] , Pluto's largest moon, was captured by New Horizons near the spacecraft's closest approach on July 14, 2015. The combined blue, red, and infrared [9] data was processed to enhance colors and follow variations in Charon's surface properties with a resolution of about 2.9 kilometers (1.8 miles). A stunning image of Charon's Pluto-facing hemisphere, it also features a clear view of an apparently moon-girdling [10] belt of fractures and canyons that seems to separate smooth southern plains from varied northern terrain. Charon is 1,214 kilometers (754 miles) across. That's about 1/10th the size of planet Earth
but a whopping 1/2 the diameter of Pluto itself [11] , and makes it the
largest satellite relative to its parent body in the Solar System. Still, the moon appears as a small bump at about the 1 o'clock position on Pluto's disk
in the grainy, negative,telescopic picture inset at upper left. That view was used by James Christy and Robert Harrington at the U.S. Naval Observatory in Flagstaff to discover Charon 40 years ago in June of 1978 [12] .

Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend [13]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [14] | Archive [15] | Submissions [16] | Index [17] | Search [18] | Calendar
[19] | RSS [20] | Education [21] | About APOD [22] | Discuss [23] | > [24] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [25] (MTU [26] ) & Jerry Bonnell [27]
(UMCP [28] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [29] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [30]
A service of: ASD [31] at NASA [32] / GSFC [33]
& Michigan Tech. U. [34]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/Charon-Neutral-Bright-Release.jpg
[3] http://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.jhuapl.edu/
[5] http://www.swri.edu/
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ United_States_Naval_Observatory_Flagstaff_Station#/ media/File:NOFS-pan2.jpg
[7] https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/ pluto-moon-charon-formal-names/
[8] http://www.nasa.gov/feature/ pluto-s-big-moon-charon-reveals-a-colorful-and-violent-history
[9] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Multimedia/Science-Photos/ image.php?gallery_id=2&image_id=323
[10] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/
[11] http://www.nasa.gov/feature/ how-big-is-pluto-new-horizons-settles-decades-long-debate
[12] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ charon-at-40-four-decades-of-discovery-on-pluto-s-largest-moon
[13] ap180707.html
[14] ap180705.html
[15] archivepix.html
[16] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[17] lib/aptree.html
[18] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[19] calendar/allyears.html
[20] /apod.rss
[21] lib/edlinks.html
[22] lib/about_apod.html
[23] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180706
[24] ap180707.html
[25] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[26] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[27] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[28] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[29] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[31] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/
[33] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[34] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 7 - A Northern Summer s Night

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 7
[2]
A Northern Summer's Night
Image Credit & License [3] : Ruslan Merzlyakov [4] (RMS Photography [5] )

Explanation: Near a summer's midnight a mist haunts the river bank in this dreamlike skyscape [6] taken on July 3rd from northern Denmark. Reddened light from the Sun a little below the horizon gives an eerie tint to low hanging clouds. Formed near the edge of space, the silvery apparitions above them are noctilucent or night shining clouds. The icy condensations on meteoric dust
[7] or volcanic ash are still in full sunlight at the extreme altitudes of
the mesophere [8] . Usually seen at high latitudes in summer months, wide spread displays [9] of the noctilucent clouds are now being reported.

Tomorrow's picture: stellar pinwheel [10]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [11] | Archive [12] | Submissions [13] | Index [14] | Search [15] | Calendar
[16] | RSS [17] | Education [18] | About APOD [19] | Discuss [20] | > [21] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [22] (MTU [23] ) & Jerry Bonnell [24]
(UMCP [25] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [26] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [27]
A service of: ASD [28] at NASA [29] / GSFC [30]
& Michigan Tech. U. [31]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/midnightmist1rms.jpg
[3] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
[4] https://www.facebook.com/rmerzlyakov
[5] https://www.facebook.com/rmsphotography95/
[6] https://www.instagram.com/p/ Bk0Fo4Th5gH/?taken-by=rmerzlyakov
[7] https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/ heliophysics-nugget-mapping-tons-of-meteoric-dust-in-the-sky
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_mesospheric_clouds
[9] http://spaceweathergallery.com/nlc_gallery.html
[10] ap180708.html
[11] ap180706.html
[12] archivepix.html
[13] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[14] lib/aptree.html
[15] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[16] calendar/allyears.html
[17] /apod.rss
[18] lib/edlinks.html
[19] lib/about_apod.html
[20] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180707
[21] ap180708.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[25] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[26] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[27] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[28] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 8 - The Extraordinary Spiral in LL Pegasi

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 8
[2]
The Extraordinary Spiral in LL Pegasi
Image Credit: NASA [3] , ESA [4] , Hubble [5] , HLA [6] ; Processing &
Copyright: Domingo Pestana [7] & Raul Villaverde [8]

Explanation: What created the strange spiral structure on the upper left? No one is sure, although it is likely related to a star in a binary star [9] system entering the planetary nebula [10] phase, when its outer atmosphere is ejected. The huge spiral [11] spans about a third of a light year [12]
across and, winding four or five complete turns [13] , has a regularity that
is without precedent. Given the expansion rate of the spiral [14] gas, a new layer must appear about every 800 years, a close match to the time it takes
for the two stars to orbit each other. The star system [15] that created it
is most commonly known as LL Pegasi [16] , but also AFGL 3068. The unusual structure itself has been cataloged as IRAS 23166+1655 [17] . The featured image was taken in near- infrared [18] light by the Hubble Space Telescope [19] . Why the spiral glows [20] is itself a mystery, with a leading hypothesis being illumination by light reflected from nearby stars.

Tomorrow's picture: road to mars [21]

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[27] | RSS [28] | Education [29] | About APOD [30] | Discuss [31] | > [32] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [33] (MTU [34] ) & Jerry Bonnell [35]
(UMCP [36] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [37] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [38]
A service of: ASD [39] at NASA [40] / GSFC [41]
& Michigan Tech. U. [42]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/LLPeg_HubblePestana_2000.jpg
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.esa.int/
[5] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/main/index.html
[6] https://hla.stsci.edu/
[7] https://www.flickr.com/photos/122467237@N08/
[8] https://www.flickr.com/photos/113243238@N08/
[9] ap970219.html
[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula
[11] ap151130.html
[12] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/cosmic_distance.html
[13] https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1710a/
[14] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral
[15] https://www.eso.org/public/videos/potw1710a/
[16] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A%26A...544L..18L
[17] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRAS_23166%2B1655
[18] https://science.nasa.gov/ems/07_infraredwaves
[19] ap090525.html
[20] http://flyingpudding.com/projects/florets/applet/
[21] ap180709.html
[22] ap180707.html
[23] archivepix.html
[24] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[25] lib/aptree.html
[26] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[27] calendar/allyears.html
[28] /apod.rss
[29] lib/edlinks.html
[30] lib/about_apod.html
[31] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180708
[32] ap180709.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[34] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[35] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[36] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[37] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[39] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/
[41] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[42] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 9 - Road to Mars

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 9
[2]
Road to Mars
Image Credit & Copyright: John Chumack [3]

Explanation: What's that light at the end of the road? Mars [4] . This is a good month to point out Mars [5] to your friends [6] and family because our neighboring planet will not only be its brightest in 15 years [7] , it will be visible for much of night. During this month [8] , Mars will be about 180 degrees around from the Sun, and near the closest it ever gets to planet Earth [9] . In terms of orbits, Mars is also nearing the closest point [10] to the Sun in its elliptical orbit [11] , just as Earth moves nearly between it and the Sun -- an alignment known as perihelic opposition [12] . In terms of viewing [13] , orange Mars will rise in the east just as the Sun sets in the west, on the opposite side of the sky. Mars [14] will climb in the sky during the night, reach its highest near midnight, and then set in the west just as the Sun begins to rise in the east. The red planet [15] was captured setting beyond a stretch of road in Arches National Park [16] in mid-May near Moab, Utah [17] , USA [18] .

Tomorrow's picture: noctilucent flashes [19]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [20] | Archive [21] | Submissions [22] | Index [23] | Search [24] | Calendar
[25] | RSS [26] | Education [27] | About APOD [28] | Discuss [29] | > [30] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [31] (MTU [32] ) & Jerry Bonnell [33]
(UMCP [34] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [35] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [36]
A service of: ASD [37] at NASA [38] / GSFC [39]
& Michigan Tech. U. [40]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/Road2Mars_Chumack_1800.jpg
[3] http://www.galacticimages.com/catalog/about_us.php
[4] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/mars/overview/
[5] https://www.nasa.gov/mediacast/jpl/whats-up-july-2018
[6] http://www.poetryclub.com.ua/upload/poem_all/00643799.jpeg
[7] ap030813.html
[8]
https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/video/ jpl-20180701-whatsuf-0001-180cc.mp4
[9] ap100713.html
[10] ap180601.html
[11] http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Ellipse.html
[12]
http://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/ why-is-mars-sometimes-bright-and-sometimes-faint
[13] ap180627.html
[14]
https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/ skywatch-july-is-the-month-of-mars/2018/06/30/ aa0d2666-7bab-11e8-80be-6d32e182a3bc_story.html?utm_term=.3712781773a9
[15] ap970627.html
[16] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4UKkCwbAmw
[17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moab,_Utah
[18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States
[19] ap180710.html
[20] ap180708.html
[21] archivepix.html
[22] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[23] lib/aptree.html
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[25] calendar/allyears.html
[26] /apod.rss
[27] lib/edlinks.html
[28] lib/about_apod.html
[29] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180709
[30] ap180710.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[33] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[34] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[35] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[36] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[37] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[40] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 10 - Noctilucent Clouds over Paris Fireworks

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 10
Noctilucent Clouds over Paris Fireworks
Video Credit & Copyright: Jean-Luc Dauvergne [2] (Ciel et Espace [3] );

Explanation: It's northern noctilucent cloud season -- perhaps a time to celebrate! Composed of small ice crystals forming only during specific conditions in the upper atmosphere, noctilucent clouds [4] may become visible at sunset during late summer when illuminated by sunlight from below. Noctilucent clouds [5] are the highest clouds known [6] and now established
to be polar mesospheric clouds [7] observed from the ground. Although
observed with NASA's AIM satellite [8] since 2007, much about noctilucent clouds [9] remains unknown and so a topic of active research [10] . The featured time-lapse video [11] shows expansive and rippled noctilucent clouds [12] wafting over Paris [13] , France [14] , during a post-sunset fireworks celebration on Bastille Day [15] in 2009 July. This year, several locations [16] are already reporting [17] especially vivid display [18] s of
noctilucent clouds.

Tomorrow's picture: exploding star art [19]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [20] | Archive [21] | Submissions [22] | Index [23] | Search [24] | Calendar
[25] | RSS [26] | Education [27] | About APOD [28] | Discuss [29] | > [30] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [31] (MTU [32] ) & Jerry Bonnell [33]
(UMCP [34] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [35] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [36]
A service of: ASD [37] at NASA [38] / GSFC [39]
& Michigan Tech. U. [40]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] mailto: jl.dauvergne at cieletespace.fr
[3] http://cieletespace.fr/
[4] ap090711.html
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noctilucent_cloud
[6]
https://weather.com/science/weather-explainers/news/ 2018-06-28-noctilucent-clouds-earth-highest-clouds-view-northern
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_mesospheric_clouds
[8] http://aim.hamptonu.edu/
[9] http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2003/19feb_nlc/
[10] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JASTP.162..116V
[11] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FB4IzOiaXPs
[12] https://www.livescience.com/44815-night-shining-clouds-become-more-common.html
[13] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPMOce2VdKQ
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France
[15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastille_Day
[16] http://spaceweathergallery.com/nlc_gallery.html
[17] ap180707.html
[18] ap140731.html
[19] ap180711.html
[20] ap180709.html
[21] archivepix.html
[22] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[23] lib/aptree.html
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[25] calendar/allyears.html
[26] /apod.rss
[27] lib/edlinks.html
[28] lib/about_apod.html
[29] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180710
[30] ap180711.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[33] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[34] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[35] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[36] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[37] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[40] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 11 - Symbiotic R Aquarii

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 11
[2]
Symbiotic R Aquarii
Image Credit: Hubble [3] , NASA [4] , ESA [5] ; Processing & License [6] :
Judy Schmidt [7]

Explanation: You can see it change in brightness with just binoculars over the course of a year. Variable star R Aquarii [8] is actually an interacting
binary star system, two stars that seem to have a close, symbiotic
relationship [9] . About 710 light years away, this intriguing system consists of a cool red giant star [10] and hot, dense white dwarf star [11] in mutual orbit around their common center of mass. The binary system's visible light is dominated by the red giant, itself a Mira [12] -type long period variable star [13] . But material in the cool giant star's extended envelope is pulled by gravity onto the surface of the smaller, denser white dwarf, eventually triggering [14] a thermonuclear explosion [15] and blasting material into space. The featured image [16] from the Hubble Space Telescope [17] shows
the still-expanding ring of debris which spans less than a light year [18]
and originated from a blast that would have been seen in the early 1770s. The evolution of [19] less understood energetic events producing high energy emission in the R Aquarii [20] system has been monitored since 2000 using Chandra X-ray Observatory [21] data.

Tomorrow's picture: open space [22]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [23] | Archive [24] | Submissions [25] | Index [26] | Search [27] | Calendar
[28] | RSS [29] | Education [30] | About APOD [31] | Discuss [32] | > [33] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [34] (MTU [35] ) & Jerry Bonnell [36]
(UMCP [37] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [38] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [39]
A service of: ASD [40] at NASA [41] / GSFC [42]
& Michigan Tech. U. [43]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/Raquarii_HubbleSchmidt_3116.jpg
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/main/index.html
[4] https://www.nasa.gov/
[5] http://www.esa.int/
[6] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
[7] http://geckzilla.com/
[8] https://www.aavso.org/vsots_raqr
[9] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2017/raqr/
[10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_giant
[11] https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/dwarfs2.html
[12] ap060722.html
[13] https://www.aavso.org/public
[14] ap060726.html
[15] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZKiWGT4Za4
[16] https://www.flickr.com/photos/geckzilla/37736684446/in/dateposted/
[17]
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/features/nasa-knows/ what-is-the-hubble-space-telecope-58.html
[18] https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/light-year/en/
[19] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2017/raqr/animations.html
[20] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_Aquarii
[21] http://chandra.harvard.edu/index.html
[22] ap180712.html
[23] ap180710.html
[24] archivepix.html
[25] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[26] lib/aptree.html
[27] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[28] calendar/allyears.html
[29] /apod.rss
[30] lib/edlinks.html
[31] lib/about_apod.html
[32] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180711
[33] ap180712.html
[34] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[36] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[37] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[38] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[40] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[41] https://www.nasa.gov/
[42] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[43] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 12 - Centaurus A

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 12
[2]
Centaurus A
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : CEDIC Team [4] at Chilescope [5] , Processing
- Bernhard Hubl [6]

Explanation: Only 11 million light-years away, Centaurus [7] A is the closest active galaxy [8] to planet Earth. Spanning over 60,000 light-years, the peculiar elliptical galaxy also known as NGC 5128 [9] , is featured in this sharp telescopic view [10] . Centaurus A is [11] apparently the result of a collision [12] of two otherwise normal galaxies resulting in a fantastic
jumble of star clusters and imposing dark dust lanes. Near the galaxy's center [13] , left over cosmic debris is steadily being consumed by a central black hole with a billion times the mass of the Sun. As in other [14] active galaxies, that process likely generates the radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray energy radiated by Centaurus A [15] .

Tomorrow's picture: turn your radio on [16]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [17] | Archive [18] | Submissions [19] | Index [20] | Search [21] | Calendar
[22] | RSS [23] | Education [24] | About APOD [25] | Discuss [26] | > [27] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [28] (MTU [29] ) & Jerry Bonnell [30]
(UMCP [31] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [32] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [33]
A service of: ASD [34] at NASA [35] / GSFC [36]
& Michigan Tech. U. [37]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/N5128-3_Hubl.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.cedic.at/
[5] http://www.chilescope.com/about/chilescope/
[6] http://astrophoton.com/about_me.htm
[7] http://www.rasnz.org.nz/Stars/Centaurus.htm
[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_galactic_nucleus
[9] http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n5128.html
[10] http://www.astrophoton.com/NGC5128-3.htm
[11] http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1998/14/ text/
[12] http://burro.cwru.edu/JavaLab/GalCrashWeb/
[13] ap060304.html
[14] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/ nasas-fermi-mission-finds-hints-of-gamma-ray-cycle-in-an-active-galaxy
[15] ap080110.html
[16] ap180713.html
[17] ap180711.html
[18] archivepix.html
[19] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[20] lib/aptree.html
[21] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[22] calendar/allyears.html
[23] /apod.rss
[24] lib/edlinks.html
[25] lib/about_apod.html
[26] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180712
[27] ap180713.html
[28] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[29] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[30] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[31] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[32] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[33] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[34] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/
[36] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[37] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 13 - Star Trails and the Bracewell Radio Sundial

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 13
[2]
Star Trails and the Bracewell Radio Sundial
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Miles Lucas [4] at NRAO [5]

Explanation: Sundials use [6] the location of a shadow to measure the Earth's rotation and indicate the time of day. So it's fitting that this sundial, at the Very Large Array [7] Radio Telescope Observatory in New Mexico, commemorates the history [8] of radio astronomy and radio astronomy pioneer Ronald Bracewell [9] . The radio sundial was constructed using pieces of a solar mapping radio telescope array that Bracewell orginaly built near the Stanford University campus. Bracewell's array was used to contribute data to plan the first Moon landing, its pillars signed by visiting scientists and radio astronomers, including two Nobel prize winners. As for most sundials the shadow cast by the central gnomon follows markers that show the solar time of day, along with solstices and equinoxes. But markers on the radio sundial are also laid out [10] according to local sidereal time. They show the position
of the invisible radio shadows of three bright radio sources in Earth's sky, supernova remnant Cassiopeia A [11] , active galaxy Cygnus A [12] , and active galaxy Centaurus A [13] . Sidereal time is just star time [14] , the Earth's rotation as measured with the stars and distant galaxies. That rotation is reflected in this composited hour-long exposure. Above the Bracewell Radio Sundial, the stars trace concentric trails around the north celestial pole
[15] .

Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend [16]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [17] | Archive [18] | Submissions [19] | Index [20] | Search [21] | Calendar
[22] | RSS [23] | Education [24] | About APOD [25] | Discuss [26] | > [27] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [28] (MTU [29] ) & Jerry Bonnell [30]
(UMCP [31] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [32] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [33]
A service of: ASD [34] at NASA [35] / GSFC [36]
& Michigan Tech. U. [37]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/bracewellradiosundial.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] https://mileslucas.myportfolio.com/
[5] https://public.nrao.edu/
[6] ap170812.html
[7] https://public.nrao.edu/
[8] https://public.nrao.edu/large-arrays-radio-sundial/
[9] https://aas.org/obituaries/ronald-n-bracewell-1921-2007
[10] https://public.nrao.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ Bracewell-Sundial-Brochure_web.pdf
[11] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2017/casa_life/
[12] ap150124.html
[13] ap180712.html
[14] ap171107.html
[15] ap131023.html
[16] ap180714.html
[17] ap180712.html
[18] archivepix.html
[19] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[20] lib/aptree.html
[21] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[22] calendar/allyears.html
[23] /apod.rss
[24] lib/edlinks.html
[25] lib/about_apod.html
[26] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180713
[27] ap180714.html
[28] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[29] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[30] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[31] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[32] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[33] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[34] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/
[36] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[37] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 14 - A Nibble on the Sun

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 14
[2]
A Nibble on the Sun
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Padraic Koen [4] , Adelaide, South Australia

Explanation: The smallest of the three partial solar eclipses during 2018 [5] was just yesterday, Friday, July 13. It was mostly visible [6] over the open ocean between Australia and Antarctica. Still, this video frame of a tiny nibble on the Sun [7] was captured through a hydrogen-alpha filter from Port Elliott, South Australia, during the maximum eclipse visible from that location. There, the New Moon covered about 0.16 percent of the solar disk.
The greatest eclipse, about one-third of the Sun's diameter blocked by the New Moon, could be seen from East Antarctica near Peterson Bank, where the local emperor penguin colony [8] likely had the best view. During this prolific eclipse season [9] , the coming Full Moon will bring a total lunar eclipse on July 27, followed by yet another partial solar eclipse at the next New Moon on August 11.

Tomorrow's picture: rings around the ring [10]

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[16] | RSS [17] | Education [18] | About APOD [19] | Discuss [20] | > [21] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [22] (MTU [23] ) & Jerry Bonnell [24]
(UMCP [25] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [26] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [27]
A service of: ASD [28] at NASA [29] / GSFC [30]
& Michigan Tech. U. [31]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/Capture13_07_2018_2_09_09AM_PK.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] mailto: pkoen [at] internode [dot] on [dot] net
[5] http://www.mreclipse.com/main/preview.html
[6] http://www.eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/2001-2100/ SE2018Jul13Pprime.html
[7] https://www.nasa.gov/content/eclipses-and-transits-overview
[8] https://www.mprnews.org/story/2012/04/11/penguins-antarctica
[9] http://earthsky.org/?p=283437
[10] ap180715.html
[11] ap180713.html
[12] archivepix.html
[13] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[14] lib/aptree.html
[15] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[16] calendar/allyears.html
[17] /apod.rss
[18] lib/edlinks.html
[19] lib/about_apod.html
[20] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180714
[21] ap180715.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[25] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[26] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[27] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[28] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 15 - Rings Around the Ring Nebula

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 15
[2]
Rings Around the Ring Nebula
Image Credit: Hubble [3] , Large Binocular Telescope [4] , Subaru Telescope
[5] ; Composition & Copyright: Robert Gendler [6]

Explanation: There is much more to the familiar Ring Nebula (M57) [7] , however, than can be seen through a small telescope. The easily visible
central ring [8] is about one light-year [9] across, but this remarkably
deep exposure [10] - a collaborative effort combining data from three different large telescopes - explores [11] the looping filaments of glowing
gas extending much farther from the nebula [12] 's central star. This remarkable composite image [13] includes narrowband hydrogen image, visible light emission, and infrared light [14] emission. Of course, in this well-studied example of a planetary nebula [15] , the glowing material does
not come from planets. Instead, the gaseous shroud [16] represents outer layers [17] expelled from a dying, sun-like star. The Ring Nebula [18] is about 2,000 light-years away toward the musical constellation Lyra [19] .

Open Science: Browse 1,700+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library [20]

Tomorrow's picture: cosmological neutrino [21]

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[27] | RSS [28] | Education [29] | About APOD [30] | Discuss [31] | > [32] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [33] (MTU [34] ) & Jerry Bonnell [35]
(UMCP [36] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [37] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [38]
A service of: ASD [39] at NASA [40] / GSFC [41]
& Michigan Tech. U. [42]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/M57Ring_HubbleGendler_3000.jpg
[3] http://hla.stsci.edu/
[4] http://www.lbto.org/
[5] http://www.naoj.org/NAOJ/activities.html
[6] http://www.robgendlerastropics.com/Biography2.html
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_nebula
[8] http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0303/m57ring_hst_big.jpg
[9] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/cosmic_distance.html
[10] http://www.robgendlerastropics.com/M57-HST-LBT.html
[11] http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0401056
[12] ap180417.html
[13] http://www.robgendlerastropics.com/M57-HST-LBT.html
[14] https://science.nasa.gov/ems/07_infraredwaves
[15] http://www.noao.edu/jacoby/
[16] ap030614.html
[17] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FSIfUYFeTM
[18] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiYRL3HFULU
[19] http://www.hawastsoc.org/deepsky/lyr/index.html
[20] http://ascl.net/code/all
[21] ap180716.html
[22] ap180714.html
[23] archivepix.html
[24] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[25] lib/aptree.html
[26] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[27] calendar/allyears.html
[28] /apod.rss
[29] lib/edlinks.html
[30] lib/about_apod.html
[31] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180715
[32] ap180716.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[34] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[35] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[36] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[37] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[39] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/
[41] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[42] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 19 - Cerealia Facula

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 19
[2]
Cerealia Facula
Image Credit: NASA [3] , JPL-Caltech [4] , UCLA [5] , MPS/DLR/IDA

Explanation: Cerealia Facula, also known as the brightest spot on Ceres [6] , is shown in this stunning mosaic close-up view. The high-resolution image [7] data was recorded by the Dawn spacecraft, in a looping orbit, from altitudes
as low as 34 kilometers (21 miles) above the dwarf planet's surface [8] . Cerealia Facula is about 15 kilometers wide, found in the center of 90 kilometer diameter Occator crater [9] . Like the other bright spots (faculae) scattered around Ceres, [10] Cerealia Facula is not ice, but an exposed salty residue with a reflectivity like dirty snow. The residue is thought to be mostly sodium carbonate and ammonium chloride from a slushy brine within or below the dwarf planet's crust. Driven by advanced ion propulsion on an
11-year mission, Dawn explored main-belt asteriod Vesta before traveling on to Ceres. But sometime between this August and October, the interplanetary spacecraft is expected to finally run out of fuel for its hydrazine thrusters, with the subsequent loss of control of its orientation, losing power and the ability to communicate with Earth. Meanwhile Dawn will continue to explore Ceres in unprecedented detail, and ultimately retire in its orbit around the small world [11] .

Tomorrow's picture: teapots in space [12]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [13] | Archive [14] | Submissions [15] | Index [16] | Search [17] | Calendar
[18] | RSS [19] | Education [20] | About APOD [21] | Discuss [22] | > [23] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [24] (MTU [25] ) & Jerry Bonnell [26]
(UMCP [27] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [28] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [29]
A service of: ASD [30] at NASA [31] / GSFC [32]
& Michigan Tech. U. [33]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/CerealiaFaculaPIA21924.jpg
[3] http://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
[5] http://dawn.igpp.ucla.edu/
[6] https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/details.php?id=1516
[7] https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA21924
[8] https://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/
[9] ap151211.html
[10] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/ dusk-for-dawn-mission-of-many-firsts-to-gather-more-data-in-home-stretch
[11] https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/blog/columns/dawn-journal/
[12] ap180720.html
[13] ap180718.html
[14] archivepix.html
[15] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[16] lib/aptree.html
[17] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[18] calendar/allyears.html
[19] /apod.rss
[20] lib/edlinks.html
[21] lib/about_apod.html
[22] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180719
[23] ap180720.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[25] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[26] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[27] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[28] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[30] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[33] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 25 - The Edge On Spindle Galaxy

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 25
[2]
The Edge-On Spindle Galaxy
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Adam Block [4] , Mt. Lemmon SkyCenter [5] , U.
Arizona [6]

Explanation: What kind of celestial object is this? A relatively normal galaxy -- but seen from its edge. Many disk galaxies are actually just as thin as NGC 5866, pictured here [7] , but are not seen edge-on [8] from our vantage
point. A perhaps more familiar galaxy seen edge-on is our own Milky Way Galaxy [9] . Cataloged as M102 and NGC 5866, the Spindle galaxy [10] has numerous and complex dust lanes appearing dark and red, while many of the bright stars in the disk give it a more blue underlying hue. The blue disk of young stars [11]
can be seen extending past the dust [12] in the extremely thin galactic plane. There is evidence that the Spindle [13] galaxy has cannibalized
smaller galaxies over the past billion years or so, including multiple streams [14] of faint stars, dark dust that extends away from the main galactic
plane, and a surrounding group [15] of galaxies (not shown). In general, many disk galaxies become thin [16] because the gas that forms them [17] collides with itself as it rotates about the gravitational center. The Spindle galaxy [18] lies about 50 million light years [19] distant toward the constellation of the Dragon (Draco [20] ).

Tomorrow's picture: open space [21]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [22] | Archive [23] | Submissions [24] | Index [25] | Search [26] | Calendar
[27] | RSS [28] | Education [29] | About APOD [30] | Discuss [31] | > [32] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [33] (MTU [34] ) & Jerry Bonnell [35]
(UMCP [36] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [37] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [38]
A service of: ASD [39] at NASA [40] / GSFC [41]
& Michigan Tech. U. [42]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/NGC5866_Block_1518.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://adamblockphotos.com
[5] http://skycenter.arizona.edu/
[6] http://www.as.arizona.edu/
[7] https://www.adamblockphotos.com/ngc-5866.html
[8] ap010510.html
[9] ap100530.html
[10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_5866
[11] https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/how-do-stars-form-and-evolve
[12] ap990919.html
[13] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spindle_(textiles)#/media/File:Drop_spindles.jpg
[14] ap180206.html
[15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_5866_Group
[16] ap120717.html
[17] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_formation_and_evolution
[18] ap160309.html
[19] https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/light-year/en/
[20] http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/draco.htm
[21] ap180726.html
[22] ap180724.html
[23] archivepix.html
[24] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[25] lib/aptree.html
[26] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[27] calendar/allyears.html
[28] /apod.rss
[29] lib/edlinks.html
[30] lib/about_apod.html
[31] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180725
[32] ap180726.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[34] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[35] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[36] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[37] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[39] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/
[41] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[42] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 22 - Planck Maps the Microwave Background

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 22
[2]
Planck Maps the Microwave Background
Image Credit: European Space Agency [3] , Planck Collaboration [4]

Explanation: What is our universe made of? To help find out, ESA launched the Planck satellite [5] from 2009 to 2013 to map, in unprecedented detail,
slight temperature differences on the oldest optical surface [6] known -- the background sky when our universe first became transparent [7] to light. Visible in all directions, this cosmic microwave background [8] is a complex tapestry that could only show the hot and cold patterns [9] observed were the universe to be composed of specific types of energy [10] that evolved in specific ways. The final results [11] , reported last week [12] , confirm
again that most of our universe is mostly composed of mysterious and
unfamiliar dark energy [13] , and that even most of the remaining matter
energy is strangely dark [14] . Additionally, the "final" 2018 Planck data impressively peg [15] the age of the universe at about 13.8 billion years and the local expansion rate [16] -- called the Hubble constant -- at 67.4 (+/- 0.5) km/sec/Mpc. Oddly, this early-universe determined Hubble constant [17] is slightly lower than that determined by other methods in the late-universe [18] , creating a tension [19] that is causing much discussion [20] and speculation [21] .

Tomorrow's picture: Fermi Science Finals [22]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [23] | Archive [24] | Submissions [25] | Index [26] | Search [27] | Calendar
[28] | RSS [29] | Education [30] | About APOD [31] | Discuss [32] | > [33] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [34] (MTU [35] ) & Jerry Bonnell [36]
(UMCP [37] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [38] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [39]
A service of: ASD [40] at NASA [41] / GSFC [42]
& Michigan Tech. U. [43]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/CMB2018_Planck_4672.jpg
[3] http://www.esa.int/
[4] http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Planck
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_satellite
[6] ap001029.html
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombination_%28cosmology%29
[8] http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/CMB.html
[9] http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA16873
[10] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AmJPh..76..265N
[11] https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.06209
[12] https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/planck
[13] https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy
[14] ap111003.html
[15]
http://sci.esa.int/planck/ 60499-from-an-almost-perfect-universe-to-the-best-of-both-worlds/
[16] http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_expansion.html
[17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble%27s_law
[18] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...861..126R
[19]
https://www.barkbusters.co.uk/images/articles/ 7a4120f095480e9f2a2ad2a165d90313.jpg
[20] https://astrobites.org/2017/10/13/the-hubble-constants/
[21]
https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/01/03/ scientists-still-dont-know-how-fast-the-universe-is-expanding/
[22] ap180723.html
[23] ap180721.html
[24] archivepix.html
[25] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[26] lib/aptree.html
[27] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[28] calendar/allyears.html
[29] /apod.rss
[30] lib/edlinks.html
[31] lib/about_apod.html
[32] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180722
[33] ap180723.html
[34] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[36] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[37] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[38] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[40] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[41] https://www.nasa.gov/
[42] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[43] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 16 - Neutrino Associated with Distant Blazar Jet

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 16
[2]
Neutrino Associated with Distant Blazar Jet
Illustration Credit: DESY [3] , Science Communication Lab [4]

Explanation: With equipment frozen deep into ice beneath Earth's South Pole, humanity appears to have discovered a neutrino [5] from far across the universe. If confirmed, this would mark the first clear detection of cosmologically-distant neutrinos [6] and the dawn of an observed association [7] between energetic neutrinos and cosmic rays [8] created by powerful jets emanating from blazing quasars (blazars [9] ). Once the Antarctican IceCube [10] detector measured an energetic neutrino in 2017 September, many of humanity's premier observatories sprang into action to try to identify a counterpart in light [11] . And they did. An erupting counterpart was pinpointed by high energy observatories including AGILE [12] , Fermi [13] , HAWC [14] , H.E.S.S. [15] , INTEGRAL [16] , NuSTAR [17] , Swift [18] , and VERITAS [19] , which found that gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 [20] was in the right direction and with gamma-rays [21] from a flare arriving [22] nearly coincidental in time with the neutrino. Even though this and other position
and time coincidences [23] are statistically strong, astronomers will await other similar neutrino - blazar light associations to be absolutely sure. Pictured here [24] is an artist's drawing of a particle jet [25] emanating from [26] a black hole at the center of a blazar.

Tomorrow's picture: dark streaks on mars [27]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [28] | Archive [29] | Submissions [30] | Index [31] | Search [32] | Calendar
[33] | RSS [34] | Education [35] | About APOD [36] | Discuss [37] | > [38] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [39] (MTU [40] ) & Jerry Bonnell [41]
(UMCP [42] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [43] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [44]
A service of: ASD [45] at NASA [46] / GSFC [47]
& Michigan Tech. U. [48]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/QuasarJetDrawing_DESY_3508.jpg
[3] http://www.desy.de/
[4] http://www.scicom-lab.com/
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino
[6]
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/07/ ghostly-particle-caught-polar-ice-ushers-new-way-look-universe
[7] http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6398/147
[8] ap071112.html
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazar
[10] https://icecube.wisc.edu/
[11] https://science.nasa.gov/ems/01_intro
[12] http://agile.rm.iasf.cnr.it/
[13] https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[14] https://www.hawc-observatory.org/
[15] https://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/hfm/HESS/
[16] http://sci.esa.int/integral/
[17] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/nustar/main/index.html
[18] https://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[19] https://veritas.sao.arizona.edu/
[20] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TXS_0506_%2B056
[21] https://science.nasa.gov/ems/12_gammarays
[22]
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/ nasa-s-fermi-traces-source-of-cosmic-neutrino-to-monster-black-hole
[23] http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2018/07/11/science.aat2890
[24]
http://www.desy.de/news/news_search/ index_eng.html?openDirectAnchor=1431&two_columns=0
[25]
http://www.syfy.com/syfywire/ news-monster-black-holes-shoot-out-neutrinos-like-cosmic-bullets
[26]
https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/07/12/ a-cosmic-first-ultra-high-energy-neutrinos-found-from-blazing-galaxies-across- the-universe/
[27] ap180717.html
[28] ap180715.html
[29] archivepix.html
[30] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[31] lib/aptree.html
[32] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[33] calendar/allyears.html
[34] /apod.rss
[35] lib/edlinks.html
[36] lib/about_apod.html
[37] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180716
[38] ap180717.html
[39] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[40] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[41] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[42] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[43] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[44] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[45] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[46] https://www.nasa.gov/
[47] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[48] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 23 - Fermi Science Finals

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 23
[2]
Fermi Science Finals
Illustration Credit: NASA [3] , DOE [4] , International Fermi LAT
Collaboration [5] , Jay Friedlander (Goddard Space Flight Center [6] )

Explanation: The Fermi Science Playoffs [7] celebrate 10 years of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope's exploration of the high-energy universe [8] . Surviving all early rounds of voting, these two finalists in the competion square off at last. Digital illustrations from a list of 16 of Fermi's top scientific discoveries, they represent the competition's [9] two top seeds, defeating 12th seed New Clues to Dark Matter [10] and 14th seed Starquakes in Magnetar Storm [11] in the semifinal round. On the left are unprecedented, unpredicted, 25,000 light-year tall Gamma-ray Bubbles [12] above and below
the plane of our Milky Way galaxy. On the right, violently merging Neutron Stars Collide [13] to create the first gamma-ray detected gravitational wave event. Pick one now and cast your vote here [14] to crown the most popular science result from Fermi's first decade.

Tomorrow's picture: mostly cloudy [15]

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[21] | RSS [22] | Education [23] | About APOD [24] | Discuss [25] | > [26] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [27] (MTU [28] ) & Jerry Bonnell [29]
(UMCP [30] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [31] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [32]
A service of: ASD [33] at NASA [34] / GSFC [35]
& Michigan Tech. U. [36]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/FermiFinals.jpg
[3] http://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.energy.gov/
[5] http://www-glast.stanford.edu
[6] http://www.nasa.gov/goddard/
[7] ap180608.html
[8] https://www.facebook.com/nasafermi
[9] https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/fermi10/fridays/07202018.html
[10] https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/fermi10/brackets/image12.html
[11] https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/fermi10/brackets/image14.html
[12] https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/fermi10/brackets/image01.html
[13] https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/fermi10/brackets/image02.html
[14] https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/fermi10/brackets/
[15] ap180724.html
[16] ap180722.html
[17] archivepix.html
[18] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[19] lib/aptree.html
[20] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[21] calendar/allyears.html
[22] /apod.rss
[23] lib/edlinks.html
[24] lib/about_apod.html
[25] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180723
[26] ap180724.html
[27] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[28] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[29] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[30] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[31] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[33] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[34] https://www.nasa.gov/
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[36] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 17 - Moon and Venus over Cannon Beach

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 17
[2]
Moon and Venus over Cannon Beach
Image Credit & Copyright: James W. Young [3]

Explanation: What's that spot next to the Moon? Venus [4] . Two days ago, the crescent Moon slowly drifted past Venus, appearing within just two degrees [5]
at its closest. This conjunction [6] , though, was just one of several photographic adventures for our Moon this month (moon-th [7] ), because, for one, a partial solar eclipse occurred just a few days before [8] , on July 12. Currently, the Moon appears to be brightening, as seen from the Earth, as the fraction of its face illuminated by the Sun continues to increase. In a few days, the Moon [9] will appear more than half full, and therefore be in its gibbous phase [10] . Next week the face of the Moon [11] that always faces the Earth [12] will become, as viewed from the Earth, completely illuminated by the Sun [13] . Even this full phase will bring an adventure, though, as a
total eclipse of this Thunder Moon [14] will occur on July 27. Don't worry about our Luna [15] getting tired, though, because she'll be new again next month (moon-th) -- August 11 to be exact -- just as she causes another partial eclipse of the Sun. Pictured, Venus and the Moon were captured [16] from Cannon Beach [17] above a rock formation off the Oregon [18] (USA [19] )
coast known as the Needles [20] . About an hour after this image was taken,
the spin of the Earth caused both Venus and the Moon [21] to set [22] .

Tomorrow's picture: dark streaks on mars [23]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [24] | Archive [25] | Submissions [26] | Index [27] | Search [28] | Calendar
[29] | RSS [30] | Education [31] | About APOD [32] | Discuss [33] | > [34] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [35] (MTU [36] ) & Jerry Bonnell [37]
(UMCP [38] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [39] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [40]
A service of: ASD [41] at NASA [42] / GSFC [43]
& Michigan Tech. U. [44]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/VenusMoonNeedles_Young_2400.jpg
[3] http://www.youngsphotogallery.com/
[4] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/venus/overview/
[5] http://astropixels.com/ephemeris/astrocal/astrocal2018est.html
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_(astronomy)
[7]
https://www.quora.com/ Does-the-origin-of-the-word-month-have-anything-to-do-with-the-word-moon
[8] ap180714.html
[9] ap180328.html
[10] https://moon.nasa.gov/resources/54/phases-of-the-moon/
[11] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/earths-moon/overview/
[12] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/earth/overview/
[13] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/in-depth/
[14] https://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-moon-names
[15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_(goddess)
[16] http://earthsky.org/todays-image/photos-venus-mercury-moon-july-2018
[17] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nSUVa_fPC0
[18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon
[19] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States
[20]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haystack_Rock#/media/ File:The_needles_at_Cannon_beach.jpg
[21] ap100516.html
[22] ap180604.html
[23] ap180718.html
[24] ap180716.html
[25] archivepix.html
[26] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[27] lib/aptree.html
[28] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[29] calendar/allyears.html
[30] /apod.rss
[31] lib/edlinks.html
[32] lib/about_apod.html
[33] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180717
[34] ap180718.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[36] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[37] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[38] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[39] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[41] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[42] https://www.nasa.gov/
[43] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[44] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 24 - Clouds of Earth and Sky

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 24
[2]
Clouds of Earth and Sky
Image Credit & Copyright: Angelo Perrone [3]

Explanation: If you go high enough, you may find yourself on a picturesque perch between the water clouds of the Earth and the star clouds of the Milky Way. Such was the case last month for one adventurous alpinist astrophotographer. Captured here [4] in the foreground above white clouds are mountain peaks in the Dolomite range [5] in northern Italy [6] . This multi-exposure image was captured from Lagazuoi [7] , one of the Dolomites. Hundreds of millions of years ago, the Dolomites [8] were not mountains but islands an ancient sea that rose through colliding tectonic plates [9] . The Dolomites divergent history accounts [10] for its unusually contrasting features, which include jagged crests and ancient marine fossils [11] . High above even the Dolomites [12] , and far in the distance, dark dust [13] lanes streak out from the central plane of our Milky Way Galaxy [14] . The stars and dust are dotted with bright red [15] clouds of glowing hydrogen [16] gas -- such as the Lagoon Nebula [17] just above and to the left of center.

Tomorrow's picture: galactic spindle [18]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [19] | Archive [20] | Submissions [21] | Index [22] | Search [23] | Calendar
[24] | RSS [25] | Education [26] | About APOD [27] | Discuss [28] | > [29] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [30] (MTU [31] ) & Jerry Bonnell [32]
(UMCP [33] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [34] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [35]
A service of: ASD [36] at NASA [37] / GSFC [38]
& Michigan Tech. U. [39]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/CloudsOfEarthAndSky_Perrone_931.jpg
[3] https://www.facebook.com/pages/story/ reader/?page_story_id=1840448589352188
[4]
https://www.facebook.com/angeloperronephoto/photos/ a.1789183277812053.1073741829.1787475247982856/1914090458654667/?type=3&theater
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomites
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagazuoi
[8] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bChI64ujPRw
[9] ap070922.html
[10]
https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/history-of-geology/ the-genesis-of-the-dolomites-from-the-sea-to-the-sky/
[11]
https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidbressan/2016/08/19/ the-fossils-of-the-dolomites-from-myth-to-science/
[12] http://www.italy-tours-in-nature.com/geology-of-the-dolomites.html
[13] ap030706.html
[14] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/285/the-milky-way-galaxy/
[15]
http://www.lcas-astronomy.org/articles/ display.php?filename=why_are_emission_nebulae_colored_red
[16] http://periodic.lanl.gov/1.shtml
[17] ap161006.html
[18] ap180725.html
[19] ap180723.html
[20] archivepix.html
[21] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[22] lib/aptree.html
[23] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[24] calendar/allyears.html
[25] /apod.rss
[26] lib/edlinks.html
[27] lib/about_apod.html
[28] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180724
[29] ap180725.html
[30] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[32] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[33] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[34] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[36] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[39] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 18 - Dark Slope Streaks Split on Mars

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 18
[2]
Dark Slope Streaks Split on Mars
Image Credit: HiRISE [3] , MRO [4] , LPL (U. Arizona) [5] , NASA [6]

Explanation: What is creating these dark streaks on Mars? No one is sure. Candidates include dust avalanches, evaporating dry ice [7] sleds [8] , and liquid water flows. What is clear is that the streaks [9] occur through light surface dust and expose a deeper dark layer. Similar [10] streaks [11] have been photographed on Mars [12] for years and are one of the few surface features that change their appearance seasonally [13] . Particularly interesting here is that larger streaks split into smaller streaks further
down the slope. The featured image [14] was taken by the HiRISE camera [15]
on board the Mars-orbiting Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter [16] (MRO) several months ago. Currently, a global [17] dust [18] storm [19] is encompassing
much of Mars.

Tomorrow's picture: open space [20]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [21] | Archive [22] | Submissions [23] | Index [24] | Search [25] | Calendar
[26] | RSS [27] | Education [28] | About APOD [29] | Discuss [30] | > [31] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [32] (MTU [33] ) & Jerry Bonnell [34]
(UMCP [35] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [36] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [37]
A service of: ASD [38] at NASA [39] / GSFC [40]
& Michigan Tech. U. [41]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/MarsSlopeStreaks_MRO_3199.jpg
[3] http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/
[4] http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/
[5] http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/
[6] https://www.nasa.gov/
[7] ap110926.html
[8] ap130617.html
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_slope_streak
[10] ap100301.html
[11] ap110808.html
[12] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/mars/in-depth/
[13] ap150930.html
[14] https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22240
[15] https://www.uahirise.org/epo/about/
[16]
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/ mars-reconnaissance-orbiter-preparing-for-years-ahead
[17] ap180617.html
[18] ap180616.html
[19] ap180623.html
[20] ap180719.html
[21] ap180717.html
[22] archivepix.html
[23] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[24] lib/aptree.html
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[26] calendar/allyears.html
[27] /apod.rss
[28] lib/edlinks.html
[29] lib/about_apod.html
[30] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180718
[31] ap180719.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[34] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[35] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[36] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[38] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[41] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 20 - The Teapot and the Milky Way

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 20
[2]
The Teapot and the Milky Way
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Kerry-Ann Lecky Hepburn [4] (Weather and Sky
Photography [5] )

Explanation: The recognizable stars [6] of the Teapot asterism in the constellation Sagittarius posed with the Milky Way over Death Valley, planet Earth on this quiet, dark night [7] . The surreal scene was appropriately captured from Teakettle Junction [8] , marked by the wooden sign adorned with terrestrial teapots and kettles on the rugged road to Racetrack Playa [9] . Shining against the luminous starlight of the central Milky Way is bright planet Saturn [10] , just above the star at the celestial teapot [11] 's peak. But the brightest celestial beacon, high above the southern horizon, is an orange tinted Mars [12] at upper left in the frame [13] .

Tomorrow's picture: from another world [14]

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[20] | RSS [21] | Education [22] | About APOD [23] | Discuss [24] | > [25] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [26] (MTU [27] ) & Jerry Bonnell [28]
(UMCP [29] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [30] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [31]
A service of: ASD [32] at NASA [33] / GSFC [34]
& Michigan Tech. U. [35]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/KettlePoint.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] https://www.instagram.com/weatherandsky/
[5] http://www.weatherandsky.com/
[6] image/1807/KettlePointOverlay1024.jpg
[7] https://www.instagram.com/p/ BkiXLX5lkyH/?taken-by=weatherandsky
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Teakettle_Junction,_California
[9] ap120222.html
[10] https://mars.nasa.gov/all-about-mars/night-sky/ close-approach/
[11] http://earthsky.org/favorite-star-patterns/ teapot-of-sagittarius-points-to-galactic-center
[12] https://mars.nasa.gov/all-about-mars/night-sky/ close-approach/
[13] image/1807/KettlePointOverlay1024.jpg
[14] ap180721.html
[15] ap180719.html
[16] archivepix.html
[17] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[18] lib/aptree.html
[19] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[20] calendar/allyears.html
[21] /apod.rss
[22] lib/edlinks.html
[23] lib/about_apod.html
[24] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180720
[25] ap180721.html
[26] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[27] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[28] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[29] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[30] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[32] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[33] https://www.nasa.gov/
[34] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[35] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2018 July 21 - Apollo 11 Landing Site Panorama

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 July 21
[2]
Apollo 11 Landing Site Panorama
Image Credit: Neil Armstrong [3] , Apollo 11 [4] , NASA [5]

Explanation: Have you seen a panorama from [6] another world lately?
Assembled from high-resolution scans [7] of the original film frames, this one sweeps across the magnificent desolation of the Apollo 11 landing site on the Moon's Sea of Tranquility [8] . The images were taken by Neil Armstrong [9] looking out his window of the Eagle Lunar Module shortly after the July 20, 1969 landing. The frame at the far left ( AS11-37-5449 [10] ) is the first picture taken by a person on another world. Toward the south, thruster nozzles can be seen in the foreground on the left, while at the right, the shadow of the Eagle is visible to the west. For scale, the large, shallow crater on the right has a diameter of about 12 meters. Frames taken from the Lunar Module windows about an hour and a half after landing, before walking on the lunar surface [11] , were intended to initially document the landing site in case an early departure was necessary.

Tomorrow's picture: microwave universe [12]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [13] | Archive [14] | Submissions [15] | Index [16] | Search [17] | Calendar
[18] | RSS [19] | Education [20] | About APOD [21] | Discuss [22] | > [23] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [24] (MTU [25] ) & Jerry Bonnell [26]
(UMCP [27] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [28] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [29]
A service of: ASD [30] at NASA [31] / GSFC [32]
& Michigan Tech. U. [33]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1807/a11pan1040226lftsm.jpg
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstrong
[4] http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a11/ a11.crew.html
[5] http://www.nasa.gov/
[6] ap150808.html
[7] http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/ images11.html#a11pan5449-53
[8] http://www.lroc.asu.edu/news/index.php?/archives/ 629-Houston,-Tranquility-base-here..html
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Armstrong
[10] http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/ images11.html#5449
[11] http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.html
[12] ap180722.html
[13] ap180720.html
[14] archivepix.html
[15] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[16] lib/aptree.html
[17] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[18] calendar/allyears.html
[19] /apod.rss
[20] lib/edlinks.html
[21] lib/about_apod.html
[22] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=180721
[23] ap180722.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[25] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[26] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[27] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[28] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[30] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[33] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A39 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)