• DAY2SVR: Nws Storm Prediction Center Norman Ok

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 2 07:03:04 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 020702
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 020701

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0101 AM CST Mon Dec 02 2024

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible along the Texas Coast and into
    portions of East Texas. No severe thunderstorms are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level trough will move off the east coast on Tuesday.
    Surface high pressure will progress east in its wake with a strong
    anticyclone moving from the Ozarks to the southern Appalachians
    through the weekend.

    Easterly flow across the Gulf of Mexico on the southern periphery of
    the anticyclone will result in some moisture making it inland across
    far south Texas. A few thunderstorms will be possible along the
    immediate coastal areas during the morning and early afternoon
    hours. As low-level flow becomes southerly and strengthens somewhat,
    moisture advection around 1 km will result in increasing elevated
    instability. A few elevated thunderstorms are possible in this
    warm-air advection regime early Wednesday morning.

    ..Bentley.. 12/02/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 2 17:17:37 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 021717
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 021715

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1115 AM CST Mon Dec 02 2024

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible along the Texas Coast. No severe thunderstorms are expected.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Upper troughing extending from the northern Mid-Atlantic states into
    the north-central Gulf of Mexico early Tuesday is forecast to
    progress eastward off the East Coast throughout the day. In its
    wake, a strong shortwave trough is expected to drop through the
    Canadian Prairies into the northern Plains/Upper Midwest late
    Tuesday/early Wednesday.

    Strong surface ridging associated with a continental polar airmass
    ushered in by lead troughing is also forecast to shift eastward from
    the Mid-South into central Appalachians throughout the day. A
    reinforcing surge of cold air associated with the Canadian Prairies
    shortwave trough will move into the northern/central Plains and
    Upper Midwest late Tuesday night through early Wednesday morning.

    This overall pattern will maintain largely stable conditions across
    the central and eastern CONUS while also supporting easterly flow
    across the Gulf of Mexico, which will result in some modest
    low-level moisture advection into TX Gulf Coast. Additionally, low
    to mid-level flow will increase across this region late
    Tuesday/early Wednesday in response to a deepening surface low and
    large-scale mass response. The resulting warm-air advection could
    result in a few isolated thunderstorms along the TX Coast, beginning
    across south TX early Tuesday before gradually shifting northward
    throughout the period.

    ..Mosier.. 12/02/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 3 06:36:12 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 030636
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 030634

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1234 AM CST Tue Dec 03 2024

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms are possible from East Texas into the ArkLaMiss
    on Wednesday. No severe thunderstorms are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large, upper-level trough will move into southern Ontario and the
    Great Lakes Region on Wednesday with a very strong mid-level jet
    along the western periphery of this trough. As this occurs, a
    compact low-level jet is forecast to develop across east Texas and
    move into Louisiana and far western Mississippi during the evening
    and overnight hours. As low-level southerly flow increases across
    east Texas, low-level moisture will lead to modest elevated
    instability (500 to 1000 J/kg MUCAPE). Scattered thunderstorms are
    possible across this region for much of the period. However,
    instability appears too weak too warrant any substantial severe
    weather threat.

    ..Bentley.. 12/03/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 3 17:22:42 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 031722
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 031720

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1120 AM CST Tue Dec 03 2024

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible from East Texas into the ArkLaMiss on
    Wednesday. Severe thunderstorms are not currently expected.

    ...Synopsis...

    A shortwave trough over south-central Canada will dig south and east
    across much of the Great Lakes and Midwest vicinity on Wednesday. At
    the same time, a trough over the Southwest will become increasingly
    cut-off as shortwave ridging develops over the northern Rockies and
    southern Plains. Stronger deep-layer flow will generally remain
    confined to the Great Lakes/Midwest to the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast as
    a strong jet streak enters the base of the deepening upper trough
    across those regions. However, moderately enhanced southern stream
    westerly mid/upper flow will overspread the Southeast. A surface low
    over Ontario and the Great Lakes will shift east toward the
    Northeast, bringing a cold front south and east across much of the
    eastern half of the CONUS by Thursday morning.

    ...Southeast TX into LA...
    Ahead of the synoptic cold front, a weak surface low is forecast to
    develop northeast across southeast TX and the Lower MS Valley. A
    warm front will lift north during the morning and extend across
    portions of the Upper TX Coast and southern LA. This will allow for
    mid to upper 60s F dewpoints to spread north on increasing southerly
    low-level flow. At the same time, a strengthening southwesterly
    low-level jet will develop over the region. This will result in
    vertically veering wind profiles. Enlarged, looping hodographs are
    evident in forecast soundings, with 0-1 km SRH near 150-200 m2/s2 by
    early evening. Effective shear magnitudes also are forecast to top
    out around 30-35 kt. While this typically would support organized
    convection, thermodynamic profiles suggest that surface based storms
    may be mostly confined to very near the coast, with increasing
    inhibition with northward extent. Furthermore, surface heating will
    be limited, and MLCAPE is expected to remain at or below 500 J/kg
    across most of the area. While a strong storm or two is possible
    near the coast, overall severe potential appears limited.

    ..Leitman.. 12/03/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 4 06:51:13 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 040651
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 040649

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1249 AM CST Wed Dec 04 2024

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across parts of south Texas and the
    central Gulf Coast. No severe thunderstorms are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A cold front will sharpen and advance south into the Gulf of Mexico
    during the day Thursday. A few thunderstorms are possible along the
    Louisiana coast where some mid 60s dewpoints and marginal
    instability will be present before the front moves offshore. The
    front is expected to stall across far South Texas where isolated
    thunderstorms will be possible during the day and perhaps into the
    overnight hours as weak ascent arrives ahead of an approaching
    mid-level trough.

    ..Bentley.. 12/04/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 4 17:19:19 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 041719
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 041717

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1117 AM CST Wed Dec 04 2024

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across parts of south Texas and the
    central Gulf Coast. No severe thunderstorms are expected.

    ...Synopsis...

    A broad upper trough will persist across the eastern CONUS on
    Thursday. Meanwhile, an upper shortwave trough over the Southwest
    will deepen and modestly progress eastward, bringing enhanced
    southwesterly mid/upper flow across the southern Rockies vicinity.

    At the surface, a cold front will be oriented from southern AL
    southwestward to the western Gulf of Mexico/far south TX. Showers
    and isolated thunderstorms are possible in a warm advection regime
    in the vicinity of the front, mainly across southeast LA and near
    the central Gulf coast. As the front shifts east/southeast through
    the day, convection will largely move offshore by afternoon. Modest
    instability and poor low and midlevel lapse rates will preclude
    severe potential.

    A couple of lightning flashes are possible during the last 2-4 hours
    of the forecast period across southern NM and far west TX.
    Increasing large-scale ascent will impinge on the area as the
    Southwest shortwave trough approaches the region early Friday
    morning. Steepening midlevel lapse rates and cooling temperatures
    aloft will support very minor MUCAPE (generally less than 150-200
    J/kg). Midlevel moistening will occur in tandem, and a couple of
    lightning flashes are possible with elevated convection.

    ..Leitman.. 12/04/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 5 06:57:23 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 050657
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 050655

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 AM CST Thu Dec 05 2024

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are possible from southeast New
    Mexico to central Texas. No severe thunderstorms are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Friday, a mid-level trough will slowly drift eastward along the Arizona/Mexico border. Stronger mid-level flow will round the base
    of this trough Friday afternoon and emerge into the southern Plains
    Friday night and early Saturday. Some moisture return will occur
    above the surface front which will result in weak instability across
    Texas and perhaps into southeast New Mexico. As stronger mid-level
    flow emerges across the southern Plains, isolated to scattered
    elevated thunderstorms are possible from southeast New Mexico and
    Far West Texas, to parts of central Texas. However, weak instability
    should keep any severe weather threat limited.

    ..Bentley.. 12/05/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 5 16:56:00 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 051655
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 051654

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1054 AM CST Thu Dec 05 2024

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are possible from southeast New
    Mexico to central Texas. No severe thunderstorms are expected.

    ...Synopsis...

    The upper low and attendant trough over AZ and northwest Mexico will
    slowly pivot eastward on Friday. As modestly enhanced midlevel
    southwesterly flow overspreads portions of the southern Rockies and
    TX, midlevel moisture also will increase. Steepening midlevel lapse
    rates will support weak elevated instability, and isolated
    thunderstorms are possible across parts of southern NM into central
    TX. Severe potential is expected to remain low.

    ..Leitman.. 12/05/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 6 06:36:32 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 060636
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 060634

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1234 AM CST Fri Dec 06 2024

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are likely across a large portion of Texas
    on Saturday. No severe thunderstorms are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A southern-stream upper low is forecast to begin the period over the AZ/NM/Mexico border intersection vicinity before progressing
    northeastward through the southern High Plains throughout the
    period. Enhanced mid-level flow will accompany this low, spreading
    eastward across the southern Plains. Low-level flow across the
    southern Plains will also increase ahead of this system, resulting
    in strengthening warm-air advection throughout the day.

    Surface easterlies are expected across the Gulf of Mexico, but a
    stationary boundary along the TX Coast will prevent inland
    penetration of any notable low-level moisture. Even so, moderate
    mid-level moisture and increasing large-scale lift ahead of the
    approaching upper low will result in a large area of precipitation.
    Cooling mid-level temperatures may help support modest buoyancy,
    with isolated thunderstorms expected within the larger precipitation
    shield. The probability of any severe thunderstorms is very low.

    ..Mosier.. 12/06/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 6 17:14:06 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 061714
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 061712

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1112 AM CST Fri Dec 06 2024

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are likely across a large portion of Texas
    on Saturday. No severe thunderstorms are expected.

    ...Synopsis...

    The positively tilted upper trough over the southern Rockies and
    northwest Mexico will shift east over the central/southern Plains on
    Saturday. Increasing southwesterly mid/upper flow associated with
    this feature will overspread much of TX toward the Lower MS Valley,
    aiding in northeast transport of midlevel moisture with time.

    At the surface, boundary layer moisture will remain scant as a
    stationary boundary near the TX coast precludes inland transport of
    Gulf moisture. Nevertheless, increasing lift associated with the
    approaching upper trough and cooling midlevel temperatures resulting
    in weak elevated instability, will support isolated thunderstorm
    potential across much of TX toward the Red River vicinity. Severe
    thunderstorms are not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 12/06/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 7 06:52:09 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 070652
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 070650

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1250 AM CST Sat Dec 07 2024

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible from southeast Texas into the Lower
    Mississippi Valley and Mid-South on Sunday. The probability for
    severe thunderstorms is very low.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Upper low expected to be over the TX Panhandle early Sunday is
    forecast to devolve into an open wave as it progresses northeastward
    across OK and the Ozarks into the Mid MS Valley. Enhanced mid-level southwesterly flow will accompany this system, spreading from the
    southern Plains across the Mid/Lower MS Valley, TN Valley, and
    Southeast as the wave moves northeastward. Strengthening low-level
    jet is anticipated ahead of this system as well. This jet will
    likely be located over east TX late Sunday afternoon before evolving
    quickly northeastward and ending the period from central AL into
    eastern KY.

    Progression of this system will displace it north of the more
    favorable low-level moisture, which will be confined to the upper TX
    Coast early Sunday before advecting northeastward into more of the
    Lower MS Valley/Mid-South throughout the day. Warm-air advection
    across this moistening warm sector and modest buoyancy may result in
    elevated thunderstorms embedded within the larger precipitation
    shield. Deep-layer vertical shear will be strong and there is a very
    low probability that a storm or two could become strong enough to
    produce small hail, particularly across northern LA and southern AR.
    However, the limited buoyancy should keep the overall severe
    potential low.

    ..Mosier.. 12/07/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 7 16:47:16 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 071647
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 071645

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1045 AM CST Sat Dec 07 2024

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are still possible from southeast Texas into the Lower Mississippi Valley and Mid-South on Sunday. The probability for
    severe thunderstorms remains very low.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will rapidly eject into the Southern Plains and
    impinge on the TN Valley while preceding a larger upper trough that
    is poised to overspread the central and northern CONUS tomorrow
    (Sunday). The approach of the Southern Plains mid-level trough will
    encourage broad low-level warm-air/moisture advection across
    portions of the Lower MS Valley into the TN Valley regions. Latest
    guidance consensus continues to depict a warm-sector characterized
    by scant buoyancy, with widespread rainfall and embedded elevated
    thunderstorms expected to overspread the Lower MS and TN Valleys
    Sunday into Sunday night. High-resolution guidance consensus hints
    at the possibility of 100-500 J/kg SBCAPE over southern LA by
    afternoon peak heating, amid curved and elongated hodographs. While
    a rotating storm or perhaps brief tornado cannot be completely ruled
    out, the lack of confidence in developing surface-based buoyancy
    precludes severe probabilities this outlook.

    ..Squitieri.. 12/07/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 8 06:55:16 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 080655
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 080653

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1253 AM CST Sun Dec 08 2024

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible from the Lower Mississippi Valley into
    much of the Southeast States on Monday. The probability for severe thunderstorms is low.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    The upper pattern is forecast to undergo significant amplification
    on Monday, resulting in a deep upper trough that is expected to
    extend across much of the CONUS by Tuesday morning. The initial
    evolution of this upper trough will begin as a shortwave trough
    moves through the Great Basin into the Southwest while another moves
    from the Upper Midwest across the Upper Great Lakes and Ontario.

    A surface low attendant to the Upper Midwest/Upper Great Lakes
    shortwave trough will move eastward just ahead of its parent
    shortwave. As it does, an associated cold front will push
    southeastward through the Mid MS and the Lower OH Valleys, and the
    southern Plains. A secondary low is forecast to develop along the
    front across north TX, before then moving eastward and ending the
    period over northern LA/west-central MS.

    This overall evolution will encourage the development of a broad
    warm sector across the Lower MS Valley and Southeast, with dewpoints
    likely reaching the mid 60s before the front moves through. A broad
    area of precipitation is anticipated within this warm sector
    throughout the day, but buoyancy will be minimized by poor lapse
    rates and relatively warm profiles. Initially strong low-level flow
    will weaken throughout the day before then increasing again Monday
    night ahead of the front. This will lengthen low-level hodographs,
    with low-level shear high enough to support severe potential.
    Localized severe potential may exist near the surface low as it
    moves across the ArkLaMiss vicinity late Monday night. However,
    minimal buoyancy will remain in place, with surface stability
    potentially persisting as well. These factors suggest the overall
    severe threat will remain low, precluding the need for any
    probabilities.

    ..Mosier.. 12/08/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 8 17:31:19 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 081731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 081729

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1129 AM CST Sun Dec 08 2024

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible from the Lower Mississippi Valley into
    much of the Southeast States on Monday. The probability for severe thunderstorms appears low.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper-level trough covering much of the CONUS is forecast to
    amplify further on Monday, as multiple shortwaves move through the
    large-scale trough. One shortwave trough is forecast to move quickly
    from the OH/TN Valley region toward the Mid Atlantic during the day,
    as a trailing low-amplitude shortwave trough moves from Texas into
    the Southeast. Farther north and west, a strong shortwave trough
    will move across the Great Lakes region, while another shortwave
    will dig southeastward from the Great Basin into the
    Southwest/southern Rockies. At the surface, a weak cyclone is
    forecast to move eastward from north TX toward the ArkLaMiss region,
    as a trailing cold front approaches the TX Gulf Coast vicinity.

    ...Lower MS Valley/Southeast/Mid-South...
    Seasonably rich low-level moisture (with 60s F dewpoints) will
    continue to gradually spread northward across parts of the Southeast
    on Monday, in advance of the approaching cold front and weak surface
    low. Some weak convection will likely be ongoing Monday morning near
    the central Gulf Coast vicinity within a zone of low-level
    warm/moist advection. This convection may persist through the day,
    though some weakening and veering of low-level flow is expected as
    the lead midlevel shortwave trough moves quickly away from the
    region toward the Mid Atlantic. Late in the period, as midlevel
    height falls associated with the amplifying large-scale trough
    overspread the region, convection may redevelop near the Gulf Coast
    vicinity, and also farther north toward the Mid-South.

    Deep-layer flow/shear will be conditionally favorable for organized
    convection through the forecast period, but weak low/midlevel lapse
    rates are expected to limit instability with both early-day
    convection and also with any development later Monday night. The
    weak instability is expected to limit the organized-severe threat,
    but a strong storm or two cannot be ruled out, and probabilities may
    need to be considered if trends support stronger
    heating/destabilization than currently forecast.

    ..Dean.. 12/08/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 9 06:59:54 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 090659
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 090658

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1258 AM CST Mon Dec 09 2024

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH AL...SOUTHWEST GA...AND THE ADJACENT FL
    PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of
    central and south Alabama, southwest Georgia, and the adjacent
    Florida Panhandle on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Deep upper troughing is forecast to extend from central CA into the Southwest/northern Mexico Tuesday. This troughing will be anchored
    by a shortwave trough expected to move from the southern
    High Plains eastward across the southern Plains and Lower MS Valley. Progression of this shortwave will foster a more neutral tilt to the
    parent upper troughing while also significantly strengthening the
    mid-level flow through its eastern periphery. A belt of 100-120 kt
    500 mb flow will likely extend from AL into the central Appalachians
    early Wednesday morning.

    A surface low initially near the ArkLaMiss region is expected to
    move quickly northeast toward the upper Ohio Valley, with some
    guidance showing secondary cyclogenesis later in the period along
    the trailing cold front that will move across the Southeast.

    ...Southeast...
    A moderately moist warm sector will precede the front forecast to
    move across the region, with dewpoints increasing into the mid 60s
    by the afternoon across central AL/GA and the FL Panhandle. Modest
    secondary cyclogenesis appears possible along the front as it moves
    through central AL and intersects slightly greater returning
    low-level moisture. Buoyancy will remain modest, mitigated by poor
    lapse rates and relatively warm profiles, but vertical shear will be
    strong (i.e. 0-6 km bulk shear greater than 50 kt) and supportive of organization with any deeper, more persistent updrafts. These deeper
    updrafts appear most probable within the warm sector near the
    developing secondary surface low (i.e. central/southern AL into
    southwest GA and the adjacent FL Panhandle) during the late
    afternoon. Any sustained cells/clusters within this environment
    could pose a threat of isolated damaging gusts and possibly a
    tornado. A gradually narrowing warm sector will likely limit the
    northern and eastern extent of the severe threat, though a strong
    storm or two cannot be ruled out from north AL/GA into
    middle/eastern TN.

    ...GA/north FL in the Carolinas and Outer Banks late Tuesday night
    into early Wednesday morning...
    A strong south-southwesterly low-level jet is expected to develop
    from Georgia through the eastern Carolinas late Tuesday night into
    Wednesday morning, in response to the intensifying shortwave trough
    moving into the Southeast. Warm-air advection associated with this
    jet coupled with strengthening large-scale ascent is expected to
    result in increasingly broad area of precipitation across the
    region. Surface-based storms appears unlikely within this
    environment, but robust wind fields could still support a strong
    gust or two.

    Greater low-level moisture may advect into the NC Outer Banks
    vicinity early Wednesday morning, with low-level and deep-layer
    shear increasing across the region as well. Any surface-based storms
    could have some severe potential. However, guidance differs on how
    far the mid 60s dewpoints penetrate inland, which, given the warm
    mid-level temperatures, currently limits the predictability of
    surface-based storms.

    ..Mosier.. 12/09/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 9 16:50:01 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 091649
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 091648

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1048 AM CST Mon Dec 09 2024

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH AL...SOUTHWEST GA...AND THE ADJACENT FL
    PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of
    central and south Alabama, southwest Georgia, and the adjacent
    Florida Panhandle on Tuesday.

    ...Southeast...
    An upper-level trough will amplify and transition from positively
    tilted across the Southwest Tuesday morning to negatively tilted by
    early Wednesday morning across the Mississippi Valley. Persistent
    weak southerly flow will maintain mid 60s dewpoints across the
    Southeast within a broad warm-air advection regime. Extensive
    cloudcover and ongoing convection will likely limit destabilization,
    but sufficient moisture and the cooling temperatures aloft may allow
    for some weak instability to develop. Some CAM guidance such as the
    HRRR suggests greater heating is possible with temperatures in the
    mid 70s and over 1000 J/kg MLCAPE in some pockets. If this greater
    instability solution were to verify, a slightly greater severe
    weather threat may materialize given the favorable shear with
    lengthening hodographs through the day. However, at this time,
    expect minimal instability inland due to the widespread convection
    and cloudcover. A few rotating storms/bowing segments with the
    threat for a few damaging wind gusts and perhaps a tornado will be
    the primary threat.

    ...Outerbanks...
    As the primary trough starts to become negatively tilted around 12Z
    Wednesday, a surface low is expected to become better pronounced and
    start to deepen across the Appalachians. As this occurs, low-level
    flow will strengthen and back which will allow better moisture to
    advect inland across the eastern Carolinas. Sufficient instability
    is possible across the eastern Carolinas for some supercell
    potential. However, at this time CAMS are not clear whether a
    confluence band will form in this region and if it will be inland if
    it does develop. If a confluence band does develop and can move
    inland, supercells will be possible with a threat for damaging wind
    gusts and a tornado or two, given the wind profile and moderate
    instability forecast.

    ..Bentley.. 12/09/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 10 06:58:03 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 100657
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 100656

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1256 AM CST Tue Dec 10 2024

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN NC
    INTO SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong to isolated severe thunderstorms are possible along and ahead
    of a cold front from eastern North Carolina into southern New
    England on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deep upper trough is expected to extend from central Canada
    southward along the length of the MS Valley into the western Gulf
    early Wednesday morning. A shortwave trough embedded within the base
    of this larger troughing is forecast to move quickly northeastward
    from the Lower MS Valley into the Mid-Atlantic. In response, the
    parent upper troughing will shift eastward while also deamplifying.
    Strong mid/upper flow is anticipated throughout the eastern
    periphery of this troughing, with a 100-110 kt 500 mb jet shifting northeastward from the Southeast into the Mid-Atlantic throughout
    the day.

    An associated surface low will deepen as it moves northeastward from
    northern VA through the Hudson Valley into NH/VT. An attendant cold
    front is forecast to sharpens as it moves quickly eastward, moving
    off the East Coast by Wednesday evening.

    ...Eastern North Carolina to southern New England...
    Low to mid 60s dewpoints are expected to advect northward into the
    Carolinas and northern Mid-Atlantic States ahead of the approaching
    cold front, with mid to upper 50s possible farther north into
    southern New England. These dewpoints will support modest buoyancy,
    with the overall buoyancy tempered by poor mid-level lapse rates and
    widespread precipitation. Even so, a strongly forced convective line
    is still expected to develop along the front as it moves quickly
    eastward across the region during the afternoon. Deeper convection
    is anticipated in this line when increasing large-scale ascent
    aligns with the low-level forcing along the front. Guidance differs
    on when and where this occurs, with some guidance suggesting it
    occurs primarily offshore. Even so, there is still enough potential
    for this occur onshore to maintain probabilities for strong gusts.
    Expectation is for this deeper convection to combine with the robust
    kinematic fields to provide a large reservoir of high-momentum air
    capable of mixing down to the surface. Given the strength of the
    forcing, this potential exists as far north across southern New
    England where buoyancy is expected to be very low.

    Additionally, some potential exists for surface-based storms within
    the warm sector ahead of the front, provided that antecedent
    precipitation does not entirely stabilize the low levels. Some
    guidance suggests a pre-frontal band of surface-based storms
    develops with low-level confluence within the warm sector over
    coastal NC and the Outer Banks.

    ..Mosier.. 12/10/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 10 17:23:38 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 101723
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 101722

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1122 AM CST Tue Dec 10 2024

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE EASTERN NC
    VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across many of the East
    Coast States. The most probable area for a few tornadoes and
    damaging winds is centered on eastern North Carolina during
    Wednesday afternoon.

    ...Synopsis...
    A longwave trough will extend from south-central Canada to the
    northern Gulf Coast on Wednesday morning. A vigorous shortwave
    impulse embedded within the basal portion of the trough will rapidly
    advance into the Mid-Atlantic States by early evening and pivot
    north to the St. Lawrence Valley Wednesday night. This will yield an increasingly negative tilt to the broad trough, with associated
    intensification of deep-layer flow fields and surface cyclogenesis.

    ...Eastern NC vicinity...
    A plume of mid 60s surface dew points are expected to advect north
    across parts of the eastern Carolinas into southeast VA by Wednesday
    afternoon. Boundary-layer destabilization should be tempered by
    preceding weak convection within the warm conveyor and pervasive
    cloudiness limiting insolation. Still, consensus of guidance
    suggests the relatively warmest surface temperatures should occur
    across eastern NC. Amid weak lapse rates, buoyancy should remain
    meager to around 500 J/kg along the coast. Even so, favorable timing
    of the synoptic evolution with respect to the diurnal heating cycle
    should yield a strongly forced convective line along the progressive
    cold front. Some guidance suggests a pre-frontal band of
    surface-based storms might separately develop in low-level
    confluence over coastal NC and the Outer Banks. At least a few
    embedded supercells are plausible, yielding a tornado and wind
    threat. The progressive nature of the front suggests the tornado
    threat may be more sporadic with shorter-lived circulations embedded
    in the line until it shifts offshore.

    ...Eastern Gulf/South Atlantic Coasts...
    Deep convection should be ongoing across parts of the FL Panhandle
    into south GA at 12Z Wednesday. Despite the time of day, the
    northern periphery of rich eastern Gulf moisture in conjunction with
    enhanced low-level hodograph curvature will support a localized
    tornado/wind threat through midday. Some potential may persist into
    the afternoon over parts of the north/central FL Peninsula but
    low-level winds will become more veered with time as the shortwave
    trough rapidly advances away from this region. The northern extent
    of the threat into GA/SC will be predicated on the degree of
    surface-based destabilization, which appears to be a relative min in
    the Southeast.

    ...Northeast...
    Primary thunderstorm activity should be in the form of sporadic
    lightning flashes amid scant elevated buoyancy within the low-level
    warm conveyor. Some CAM guidance does suggest a low-topped
    convective line may develop along the eastward-surging cold front
    during the afternoon/evening. Surface-based instability may remain
    negligible and lightning production appears unlikely. But with
    intensifying wind fields, potential remains for strong surface gusts
    capable of tree damage.

    ..Grams.. 12/10/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 11 06:24:41 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 110624
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 110622

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1222 AM CST Wed Dec 11 2024

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    In the wake of a strong shortwave trough moving into the Canadian
    Maritimes, a mid/upper cyclone is forecast to progress from the
    Ontario/Quebec border vicinity eastward through Quebec on Thursday.
    Strong mid-level flow throughout the base of this cyclone is
    expected to extend from the northern/central Plains through the
    Northeast. Even with these strong dynamics, extensive surface
    ridging is expected from the northern Plains into much of the
    eastern CONUS, promoting dry and stable conditions. Consequently, no thunderstorms are anticipated.

    Farther west, a low-amplitude shortwave trough is expected to
    progress across the Great Basin into the Four Corners region while
    enhanced mid-level westerly flow associated with it spreads from
    southern CA across the Southwest. Some modified moisture return is
    anticipated across south TX late Thursday night/early Friday
    morning, but this will remain well downstream of the shortwave
    trough. As such, the lack of moisture/buoyancy ahead of this
    shortwave will preclude thunderstorm development.

    ..Mosier.. 12/11/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 11 17:08:18 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 111708
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 111706

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1106 AM CST Wed Dec 11 2024

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm probabilities are negligible on Thursday.

    ...Discussion...
    A quiescent pattern for thunderstorm activity will envelop much of
    the CONUS tomorrow. Two areas of sub-10 percent thunderstorm
    probabilities remain apparent.

    An Arctic air mass will settle into the Upper Great Lakes.
    Downstream, lake-effect snow bands will persist with the most
    organized one expected in the lee of eastern Lake Ontario. A few
    lightning flashes are possible during the period of maximum snow
    rate intensity, seemingly from late afternoon into Thursday night.

    A couple elevated thunderstorms could develop over a portion of the
    Desert Southwest from southeast CA to the Lower CO Valley ahead of
    an approaching shortwave trough. Despite strong forcing for ascent,
    buoyancy appears minimal with MUCAPE likely holding sub-100 J/kg.

    ..Grams.. 12/11/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 12 06:56:20 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 120656
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 120655

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 AM CST Thu Dec 12 2024

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected through Friday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to begin the period over the Four
    Corners before continuing eastward across the central Rockies and
    ending the period as a closed cyclone over the central Plains. An
    associated surface low is expected to move quickly northeastward
    just ahead of this shortwave, progressing from the northeast
    NM/southeast CO vicinity into eastern KS. As it does, an attendant
    cold front will push eastward across the southern High Plains and
    western KS.

    Modified moisture return is anticipated within the strong low to
    mid-level flow preceding this shortwave and its attendant cold
    front. Low 60s dewpoints will likely reach north Texas by
    early Saturday morning but the mid 60s dewpoints are expected to
    remain confined to the TX Coastal Plain. A strengthening low-level
    jet and associated warm-air advection over the pre-frontal warm
    sector (from southeast TX into the Lower MO Valley) is forecast to
    result in elevated thunderstorms from Friday evening through
    Saturday morning. Poor lapse rates will limit buoyancy, with the
    expectation that most updrafts will be weak and transient. Strong
    vertical shear (i.e. 0-6 km bulk shear around 50 kt) may support
    small hail within the deepest, most persistent updrafts.

    ..Mosier.. 12/12/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 12 17:12:57 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 121712
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 121711

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1111 AM CST Thu Dec 12 2024

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected through Friday night.

    ...Central States...
    A shortwave trough near the Four Corners will move across the
    southern Rockies into the central Great Plains by early Saturday.
    The attendant lee surface cyclone will be weak as it tracks from the
    Raton Mesa vicinity into eastern KS. Modified moisture return from
    the western Gulf is anticipated within the broad low-level warm
    conveyor ahead of the minor cyclone. Adequate buoyancy in
    conjunction with timing of forcing for ascent attendant to the
    shortwave trough should yield a pronounced increase in elevated
    convection Friday night into early morning Saturday from the Red
    River Valley towards the Lower MO Valley. Steeper mid-level lapse
    rates will be confined to the north side of the mid-level jet in OK
    to eastern KS. Weak mid-level lapse rates (around 6 C/km) will
    curtail elevated buoyancy where low-level moisture progressively
    increases with southern extent. Still, favorable veering of the wind
    profile with height could yield transient, weak mid-level updraft
    rotation across parts of east TX to the southern Ozarks. Small hail
    may occur within the deepest updrafts, with large hail probabilities
    appearing to be sub-5 percent.

    ...Northern CA...
    A pair of shortwave troughs in the northeast Pacific will approach
    the West Coast. The southern one of these should remain offshore of
    the northern CA coast through 12Z Saturday. The downstream low-level
    warm conveyor will yield a swath of rain ahead of a weak cold front.
    Sufficient low-level moistening, along with some mid-level cooling
    with the approaching trough, may support scant buoyancy by 09-12Z.
    Overall thunderstorm probabilities early Saturday morning appear to
    be around 10 percent near a portion of the northern CA coast.

    ..Grams.. 12/12/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 13 05:56:01 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 130555
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 130554

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1154 PM CST Thu Dec 12 2024

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday.

    ...Central/South-Central States...

    An upper cyclone and attendant trough will lift east/northeast from
    the central/southern Plains toward the Great Lakes on Saturday. Only
    a weak reflection of this upper system is expected at the surface,
    where a low over eastern KS during the morning hours will generally
    weaken as it lifts northeast into the Upper Midwest. Southerly
    low-level flow will transport 60s F surface dewpoints into the TX
    coast and east TX and the Sabine Valley vicinity through evening.
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible in this low-level warm
    advection regime ahead of the upper trough and weakening surface low
    from east TX/LA into the Lower and Mid-MS Valley. A strong storm or
    two may be possible across southeast TX into LA where deeper
    boundary-layer moisture and modest surface-based destabilization
    will overlap with weak vertical shear. However, large-scale ascent
    will remain weak as large-scale ascent remains displaced to the
    north. Additionally, low and midlevel lapse rates will remain poor.
    Overall severe potential is expected to remain negligible, and
    thunderstorm activity across the region should diminish during the
    evening hours.

    ...Pacific Coast States...

    Persistent onshore flow is forecast through the evening hours as an
    upper trough located offshore the Pacific coast Saturday morning
    moves inland toward the Rockies by Sunday morning. Isolated
    thunderstorms are expected, especially during the 12-18z time frame
    when large-scale ascent will be maximized amid steepening midlevel
    lapse rates. A strong southwesterly low-level jet will overspread
    portions of central CA during the morning to midday time period,
    resulting in some hodograph curvature. However, cool surface
    temperatures and very modest instability (generally less than 200
    J/kg MLCAPE) will likely limit surface-based convection.

    ..Leitman.. 12/13/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 13 17:24:05 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 131723
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 131722

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1122 AM CST Fri Dec 13 2024

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday.

    ...Central/Southern Plains to the Lower Ohio Valley...
    An upper low will move from the central Plains to the Great Lakes on
    Saturday. A surface low will weaken through the day as this trough
    advances northeast. A sustained low-level jet will advance from the
    Ozarks to the Ohio Valley and provide ample ascent and elevated
    instability for thunderstorm activity through the day. Instability
    should remain too limited for any severe weather threat from this
    elevated convection. Weak surface heating across the ArkLaTex may be
    sufficient for a few surface-based storms. However, instability will
    be weak and ascent will mostly be focused north of this area.
    Therefore, no severe storms are anticipated.

    ...California to the Pacific Northwest...
    A trough approaching the Pacific coast on Saturday will result in
    scattered thunderstorm activity from southwest Washington to central
    California as cooler air aloft steepens lapse rates across the
    region. Overall, weak instability combined with relatively weak
    low-level flow should preclude any severe weather threat. A more
    focused low-level jet will result in stronger low-level flow across
    the central California Coast late Saturday morning into the early
    afternoon. However, during this period, forecast soundings indicate
    minimal to no instability which should preclude any severe weather
    concern.

    ..Bentley.. 12/13/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 14 05:51:09 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 140551
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 140549

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1149 PM CST Fri Dec 13 2024

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential is expected to remain limited on
    Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough will shift east into the Plains Sunday night into
    early Monday. As a result, enhanced deep-layer southwesterly
    mid/upper flow will envelop the central/southern Plains toward the
    Mid/Upper MS Valley. At the surface, a deepening low will track east
    along the international border in the vicinity of the northern
    Plains and Upper Midwest. A trailing cold front is forecast to move
    southeast across much of the northern/central Plains and Upper
    Midwest, becoming positioned from central MO southwestward into
    northwest TX by 12z Monday.

    Southerly low-level flow ahead of the aforementioned front will
    allow upper 50s to mid 60s dewpoints to spread northward across much
    of TX into eastern OK, LA, AR and southern MO. Shortwave upper
    ridging for much of the period prior to 03z will likely preclude
    thunderstorm activity within the warm conveyor. However, stronger
    height falls associated with the ejecting trough will overspread the
    southern Plains (though stronger large-scale ascent will remain
    focused further north). Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are
    likely to develop near the southeastward-advancing cold front in the
    06-12z time frame. Favorable, vertically veering wind profiles
    suggest some thunderstorm organization will be possible. However,
    convection is expected to mostly remain elevated in nature given
    cool surface temperatures overnight, resulting in little
    surface-based instability and poor low-level lapse rates.
    Furthermore, deep-layer flow will remain parallel to the front,
    resulting in convection tracking to the cool side of the boundary.

    Given cool temperatures aloft and midlevel lapse rates approaching 7
    C/km in a moderately sheared environment, some small hail could
    accompany the strongest updrafts across eastern OK into parts of AR
    and southern MO. However, overall severe potential appears low/too
    conditional to include probabilities at this time given stronger
    large-scale ascent focused further north of better low-level
    moisture, and expectation for limited surface-based instability.

    ..Leitman.. 12/14/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 14 17:18:41 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 141718
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 141717

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1117 AM CST Sat Dec 14 2024

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential is expected to remain limited on
    Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough will shift east into the Plains Sunday night into
    early Monday. As a result, enhanced deep-layer southwesterly
    mid/upper flow will envelop the central/southern Plains toward the
    Mid/Upper MS Valley. At the surface, a deepening low will track east
    along the international border in the vicinity of the northern
    Plains and Upper Midwest. A trailing cold front is forecast to move
    southeast across much of the northern/central Plains and Upper
    Midwest, becoming positioned from central MO southwestward into
    northwest TX by 12z Monday.

    Southerly low-level flow ahead of the aforementioned front will
    allow upper 50s to mid 60s dewpoints to spread northward across much
    of TX into eastern OK, LA, AR and southern MO. Shortwave upper
    ridging for much of the period prior to 03z will likely preclude
    thunderstorm activity within the warm conveyor. However, stronger
    height falls associated with the ejecting trough will overspread the
    southern Plains (though stronger large-scale ascent will remain
    focused further north). As a result, isolated to scattered, mostly
    elevated, thunderstorms are anticipated after 06Z from eastern
    Oklahoma into north-central Arkansas and southern Missouri, along
    and ahead of the southeastward advancing cold front. Instability is
    expected to be mostly weak, particularly farther north where greater
    forcing will be present. Therefore, despite favorable shear across
    the warm sector, storm mode is expected to be messy given the lack
    of stronger buoyancy, weak lapse rates, and the tendency for storms
    to be undercut by the surface front through time. The expectation of
    limited storm organization amid weak instability precludes the need
    for a marginal risk at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 12/14/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 15 06:21:15 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 150621
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 150619

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1219 AM CST Sun Dec 15 2024

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential is expected to be low on Monday.

    ...TX/OK/MO to the Lower MS Valley...

    An upper trough over the northern/central Plains and Upper Midwest
    Monday morning will weaken as it shifts east/northeast across the
    Great Lakes. The strongest deep-layer southwesterly flow associated
    with this system will mainly be focused over the Mid/Lower MO and
    Mid-MS Valleys into the Great Lakes. Though, modest vertical shear
    will extend as far south as eastern OK and the Ozarks into the
    ArkLaTex vicinity. At the surface, a cold front is forecast to
    extend from southeast MO into southeast OK and northwest Texas
    Monday morning. This front will track east/southeast through the
    period, becoming positioned from the TN Valley toward the ArkLaTex
    and central TX by Tuesday morning.

    Ahead of the front, upper 50s to mid 60s dewpoints will be
    maintained by south/southwesterly low-level flow from central TX
    toward the MO Bootheel and the Lower MS Valley. Scattered elevated thunderstorms are likely to be ongoing from eastern OK into southern
    MO and parts of AR. Additional convection will develop near the southeast-advancing cold front as far northeast as the Lower OH
    Valley and southeast into central TX and the ArkLaTex/Lower MS
    Valley through the period.

    Stronger large-scale ascent and vertical shear will remain focused
    north, and out of phase with, the area of better low-level moisture
    across the south-central states. A couple of stronger storms may
    produce small hail early in the period from eastern OK toward the MO
    Bootheel. However, low-level inhibition and poor low-level lapse
    rates are expected to limit surface-based instability. Deep-layer
    flow parallel to the surface boundary, limited surface-based
    instability, and weakening shear/ascent with southward extent,
    should limit overall severe potential on Monday.

    ..Leitman.. 12/15/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 15 17:11:50 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 151711
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 151710

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1110 AM CST Sun Dec 15 2024

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential is expected to be low on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will amplify as it advances from the central
    Plains to the Great Lakes on Monday. A strong surface low associated
    with this trough will deepen across northern Ontario with a surface
    front extending southward through the Great Lakes and into the
    southern Plains. This front will become more diffuse and eventually
    stall from eastern Texas to central Tennessee as the primary forcing
    moves into the Great Lakes.

    Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the period
    from northeast Texas across southeast Oklahoma and Arkansas. While
    these storms may pose some severe threat before 12Z, minimal threat
    is expected to continue after 12Z as heights rise across the region
    and instability weakens through the morning. Additional instability
    is forecast to develop farther south across east Texas and Louisiana
    during the afternoon as temperatures warm into the mid 70s with
    dewpoints in the mid 60s. However, forcing is expected to remain
    weak which should keep any storm development isolated. In addition,
    if storms can develop, weak mid-level flow will keep deep-layer
    shear muted and thus limit much severe weather threat during the
    afternoon.

    ..Bentley.. 12/15/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 16 06:33:24 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 160633
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 160631

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1231 AM CST Mon Dec 16 2024

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are expected from the southern Plains to the Lower
    Ohio and Tennessee Valley vicinities and across Florida on Tuesday. Severe-thunderstorm chances are low at this time.

    ...Eastern OK/ArkLaTex/Ozarks Vicinity...

    An upper trough will deepen as it moves across the Plains to the MS
    Valley vicinity on Tuesday. A 500 mb jet max around 50-70 kt will
    become oriented from eastern OK into the Ohio Valley/lower Great
    Lakes area after 06z, and stronger height falls are not expected to
    overspread the region until the nighttime hours. At the surface, 50s
    to low/mid 60s F dewpoints are expected across south/east TX into
    the Mid-South vicinity. A strong cold front will track southeast
    across KS/OK during the evening, and by 06z be positioned from
    northern AR into southeast OK and north-central TX. This boundary
    will become a focus for increasing isentropic ascent and isolated to
    scattered thunderstorms during the overnight/early Wednesday period.

    Neutral height tendencies will likely suppress convection during the
    day across much of the area. As convection develops along the
    advancing cold front overnight, uncertainty remains regarding any
    surface-based instability overlapping with stronger vertical shear
    (which decreases rapidly with southward extent). Forecast soundings
    vary across forecast guidance, but at least weak elevated
    instability is expected driven by cooling aloft. Stronger elevated
    cores could produce small hail, given forecast lapse rates around
    6.8-7 C/km amid 30+ kt effective shear magnitudes (especially from
    southeast OK into AR). Overall, severe potential appears quite
    conditional for the last 3-6 hours of the forecast period. Will hold
    off on including low-end hail probabilities, though a Marginal
    (level 1 of 5) risk may be needed in later outlooks depending on
    forecast trends.

    ...FL Peninsula...

    Isolated thunderstorms are expected on Tuesday as a moist airmass
    and at least weak instability overspread the region. Onshore,
    easterly low-level flow will provide convergence along an inverted
    surface trough. Given sufficient destabilization, this will support
    development of thunderstorms moving onshore through evening. Weak
    0-6 km bulk shear (less than 20 kt) will preclude organized
    convection, and severe storms are not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 12/16/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 16 17:17:26 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 161717
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 161715

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1115 AM CST Mon Dec 16 2024

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are expected from the southern Plains to the Lower
    Ohio and Tennessee Valley vicinities and across Florida on Tuesday. Severe-thunderstorm chances are low at this time.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level jet streak across the Northwest early on Tuesday will
    start to dig southeast toward the central Plains and sharpen the
    mid-level trough by Tuesday night. As this occurs, a weak surface
    low will develop across eastern Colorado and move into the Lower
    Ohio Valley by the end of the period. A surface front associated
    with this area of low pressure will accelerate southeast,
    particularly after 06Z and end up somewhere from Memphis to Waco by
    12Z Wednesday.

    ...ArkLatex into central Arkansas...
    Despite broad, weak isentropic ascent through the day, only isolated thunderstorm activity is expected from east Texas into the Ozarks
    due to neutral heights aloft. However, thunderstorm activity is
    expected to increase after 06Z as the mid-level trough strengthens
    and approaches the southern Plains/ArkLaTex and a surface front
    becomes better defined and accelerates southeast. Forecast soundings
    show moderate instability (1000-1500 J/kg MUCAPE) and lapse rates
    (~7 C/km) from southern Arkansas to the ArkLaTex. However, the
    stronger flow will remain mostly across northern Arkansas into the
    Ohio Valley. Therefore, shear will be relatively weak where
    thunderstorm activity is most likely along the front from 06Z to
    12Z. This will likely result in loosely organized storms which will
    likely be undercut by the advancing cold front. While isolated hail
    or a wind gust or two cannot be ruled out, severe weather
    probabilities remain low.

    ...Florida...
    Scattered to widespread thunderstorms are expected across much of
    the Florida Peninsula as 1200-1500 J/kg MLCAPE develops during peak
    heating. Shear will be mostly less than 20 knots which should limit
    storm organization. However, moderate instability and scattered to
    widespread storm development could result in some small hail or
    gusty winds. Overall, severe thunderstorms are not expected.

    ..Bentley.. 12/16/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 17 06:33:54 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 170632
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 170631

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1231 AM CST Tue Dec 17 2024

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible from the lower Ohio Valley southwest into northeast/central Texas early on Wednesday and across the Southeast,
    Carolinas, and Florida Wednesday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...

    A positively tilted upper trough will develop east across the
    eastern U.S. on Wednesday. Moderate mid/upper level southwesterly
    flow ahead of the trough will overspread the OH/TN Valleys into the
    Carolinas and Mid-Atlantic regions. At the surface, a cold front
    will extend from southern OH to southeast AR to central TX at the
    beginning of the period. This front will develop southeast across
    the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic, mostly moving offshore from the Gulf
    and Atlantic coasts by Thursday morning.

    ...Northeast TX to the TN Valley...

    Showers and elevated thunderstorms will likely be ongoing near the
    surface cold front Wednesday morning. Forecast soundings show poor
    low-level lapse rates and little surface-based instability. However,
    up to 500 J/kg MUCAPE will be present, courtesy of cool midlevel
    temperatures and modest midlevel lapse rates. Deep-layer flow is
    forecast to remain mostly unidirectional and parallel to the front,
    suggesting convective undercutting by the boundary/outflows. While
    some briefly organized structure may persist the first hour or two
    of the forecast period, convection is expected to rapidly decrease
    in intensity with southeast extent across the TN Valley/Gulf Coast
    states. This is largely due to more modest boundary-layer moisture
    and weakening vertical shear across MS/AL.

    ...FL/GA/Carolinas...

    Isentropic ascent ahead of the approaching upper trough/surface
    front will increase across the region through day. However,
    large-scale ascent will remain weak until late, with the vorticity
    maxima trailing well behind the surface front. Nevertheless, showers
    and isolated thunderstorms will be possible within the low-level
    warm-advection regime, especially during the afternoon/early
    evening. Forecast guidance varies in the depiction of the low-level thermodynamics and degree of destabilization. Though some support
    for an organized storm or two is plausible, given around 750-1000
    J/kg MLCAPE and effective shear magnitudes around 20-30 kt. While a
    strong storm could produce gusty winds or even small hail (given
    somewhat elongated/straight hodographs and cool midlevel temps),
    forecast confidence regarding severe potential remains fairly low.
    Will refrain from introducing low-end/Marginal (level 1 of 5) risk probabilities at this time, though an outlook area may be required
    in subsequent outlooks.

    ..Leitman.. 12/17/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 17 17:31:36 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 171731
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 171730

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1130 AM CST Tue Dec 17 2024

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE TENNESSEE VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated damaging wind gusts and a brief tornado are possible
    through mid-day Wednesday across portions of the Tennessee Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    A positively tilted upper trough will develop east across the
    eastern U.S. on Wednesday. Moderate mid/upper level southwesterly
    flow ahead of the trough will overspread the OH/TN Valleys into the
    Carolinas and Mid-Atlantic regions. At the surface, a cold front
    will extend from southern OH to southeast AR to central TX at the
    beginning of the period. This front will develop southeast across
    the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic, mostly moving offshore from the Gulf
    and Atlantic coasts by Thursday morning.

    ...Northeast Texas to the Tennessee Valley...
    Thunderstorms will be ongoing along a frontal zone from northeast
    Texas to western Tennessee at the beginning of the forecast period.
    These storms will likely be mostly anafrontal due to the
    southeastward advancing cold front and storm motion parallel to the
    front. In addition, these storms should already be in their
    weakening phase by 12Z as they outrun the better low-level
    instability. The only exception will be across western/middle
    Tennessee between 12 and 18Z where some instability will remain and
    stronger flow could promote more organization/propagation ahead of
    the cold front. A damaging wind gust or a brief tornado cannot be
    ruled out early in the forecast period. Despite the weakening
    instability through the morning, some damaging wind threat could
    persist into parts of eastern Tennessee and far southern Kentucky
    through mid-day as the low-level jet strengthens to over 50 knots
    during the morning hours.

    ...FL/GA/Carolinas...
    Southerly flow ahead of the approaching mid-level trough will
    establish low to mid 60s dewpoints across much of Florida into
    eastern Georgia and the eastern Carolinas by Wednesday afternoon.
    Weak to moderate instability is expected within a broad region of
    weak isentropic ascent across the region. Upper-level forcing will
    lag well behind the front which should keep any thunderstorm
    development isolated. However, if any storms develop, they could
    have some marginal hail/wind threat given moderate instability and
    shear present across the region Wednesday afternoon. Storm coverage
    concerns related to weak forcing are the primary limiting factor to
    severe weather probabilities at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 12/17/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 18 05:51:26 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 180550
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 180549

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1149 PM CST Tue Dec 17 2024

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Florida...

    A shortwave upper trough within the area of broader eastern CONUS
    troughing will be oriented from the Carolinas to the northeast Gulf
    of Mexico Thursday morning. This system will shift east across FL
    and offshore the Atlantic coast through 00z. At the surface, a cold
    front located over north FL early in the day will develop southward
    across the Peninsula. Low-level flow will be veered/northerly ahead
    of the front, resulting in little low-level convergence.
    Additionally, stronger large-scale ascent will remain well north of
    the Peninsula. While weak destabilization is forecast (500-1000 J/kg
    MLCAPE), mainly over the southern Peninsula, poor lapse rates and
    warm midlevel temperatures will preclude severe thunderstorm
    potential. Most CAMs and calibrated thunder guidance also indicate
    little thunderstorm activity. Will maintain 10 percent general
    thunder probabilities for the southeast FL coast, but even that may
    be generous.

    ..Leitman.. 12/18/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 18 16:50:10 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 181650
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 181648

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1048 AM CST Wed Dec 18 2024

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad mid/upper-level trough with multiple embedded shortwaves
    will remain in place across much of the central/eastern CONUS on
    Thursday. Within the large-scale trough, one strong shortwave will
    move eastward off of the New England coast, while another moves
    southeastward from the Great Plains toward the Ohio Valley and
    Southeast. A weaker shortwave trough will move across Florida during
    the morning and early afternoon. Farther west, a low-amplitude
    mid/upper-level shortwave trough will move across parts of WA/OR
    during the day.

    A dearth of low-level moisture and instability should generally
    limit thunderstorm potential across most of the CONUS. Some
    convection may linger early in the period near the NC coast, but
    thunderstorm potential in this area is expected to remain offshore.
    Otherwise, isolated storm development cannot be ruled out across
    parts of south FL.

    ...Parts of Florida...
    In the wake of a weak frontal passage, very light low-level
    northerly flow is expected on Thursday across much of the FL
    Peninsula. Lingering low-level moisture (with dewpoints in the 60s
    F) will support modest diurnal destabilization. However, despite the
    presence of the approaching shortwave trough and increasing
    mid/upper-level flow, there is currently very little signal for deep
    convection across the peninsula on Thursday, likely resulting from
    modest to poor midlevel lapse rates and weak to negligible low-level convergence and ascent. A conditional general thunderstorm area has
    been maintained across parts of south FL, where somewhat stronger heating/destabilization is possible, though confidence in storm
    development remains low.

    ..Dean.. 12/18/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 19 05:46:43 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 190546
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 190545

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1145 PM CST Wed Dec 18 2024

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the Lower 48 on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper shortwave trough developing southeast over the
    northern/central Plains to the to the Mid-MS Valley will reinforce
    mean upper troughing over the eastern half of the CONUS on Friday.
    Strong surface high pressure will overspread the central U.S. while
    a cold front develops far south into the Gulf and offshore the
    Atlantic coast. This will leave a dry and stable airmass over much
    of the CONUS, and thunderstorm chances will be low.

    ..Leitman.. 12/19/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 19 17:16:44 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 191716
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 191716

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    Issued by 15th OWS Scott Air Force Base IL
    1116 AM CST Thu Dec 19 2024

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the Lower 48 on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper shortwave trough developing southeast over the
    northern/central Plains to the Mid-MS Valley will reinforce mean
    upper troughing over the eastern half of the CONUS on Friday. Strong
    surface high pressure will overspread the central U.S. while a cold
    front develops far south into the Gulf and offshore the Atlantic
    coast. This will leave a dry and stable airmass over much of the
    CONUS, and thunderstorm chances will be low.

    ..15_ows.. 12/19/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 19 17:33:47 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 191733
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 191716

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    Issued by 15th OWS Scott Air Force Base IL
    1116 AM CST Thu Dec 19 2024

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the Lower 48 on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper shortwave trough developing southeast over the
    northern/central Plains to the Mid-MS Valley will reinforce mean
    upper troughing over the eastern half of the CONUS on Friday. Strong
    surface high pressure will overspread the central U.S. while a cold
    front develops far south into the Gulf and offshore the Atlantic
    coast. This will leave a dry and stable airmass over much of the
    CONUS, and thunderstorm chances will be low.

    ..15_ows.. 12/19/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 20 05:51:03 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 200550
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 200549

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1149 PM CST Thu Dec 19 2024

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday.

    ...Discussion...
    The large-scale pattern will be progressive on Saturday, with a
    shortwave trough and related frontal band moving inland across the
    Pacific Northwest and northern California. Steepening mid-level
    lapse rates and weak buoyancy could yield isolated thunderstorms
    mainly for coastal areas of Oregon and northern California during
    the morning, and possibly into the afternoon. Severe thunderstorms
    are not expected given the minimal buoyancy but gusty winds could
    occur with a storm or two along the immediate coast.

    Elsewhere, prevalent surface high pressure east of the Rockies and
    stable conditions will preclude thunderstorms.

    ..Guyer.. 12/20/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 20 17:12:26 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 201712
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 201710

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1110 AM CST Fri Dec 20 2024

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level ridge centered near the Continental Divide will
    translate slowly eastward through the day as a strong, compact, negatively-tilted mid-level trough moves into the Pacific Northwest.
    Across the eastern CONUS a trough will persist on Saturday with dry,
    offshore flow at the surface. The lack of low-level moisture will
    limit any thunderstorm potential across most of the CONUS. The only
    exception will be across the Oregon/northern California coasts where
    cooling mid-level temps over the relatively warmer ocean waters may
    result in some shallow instability and the potential for a few
    thunderstorms. The strong low-level jet (50 to 70 knots from 12Z to
    18Z Saturday along the Oregon/northern CA coast) may result in some
    gusty winds, even where lightning is not present. However, overall,
    limited instability should mitigate any severe weather potential.

    ..Bentley.. 12/20/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 21 06:48:33 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 210648
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 210646

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1246 AM CST Sat Dec 21 2024

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Discussion...
    A progressive upper-level pattern will continue across the CONUS on
    Sunday. A continental polar airmass will remain across the eastern
    CONUS which will preclude thunderstorm potential for most of the
    country. A few thunderstorms are possible along the Pacific
    Northwest and northern California coasts, particularly Sunday late
    afternoon and evening as the next in a series of shortwave troughs
    approaches the coast. Severe storms are not currently expected given
    the limited buoyancy.

    ..Guyer.. 12/21/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 21 17:16:05 2024
    ACUS02 KWNS 211716
    SWODY2
    SPC AC 211714

    Day 2 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1114 AM CST Sat Dec 21 2024

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad upper ridging over the central CONUS will begin to break down
    through the day Sunday as a shortwave trough, currently moving into
    the Pacific Northwest, traverses the Rockies. A broad surface high
    building over the eastern CONUS will maintain cool/dry conditions.
    Weak lee troughing over the High Plains will promote gradual
    moisture return along the TX Gulf coast, but moisture quality/depth
    and poor mid-level lapse rates will be insufficient to support deep
    convection. A pronounced upper wave noted over the northern Pacific
    in water-vapor imagery will approach the West Coast through the
    period. Latest forecast guidance suggests sufficient destabilization
    for a few lightning flashes is possible as colder temperatures aloft
    and broad scale ascent overspread the region. The potential for
    severe convection remains low given very limited buoyancy.

    ..Moore.. 12/21/2024

    $$

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