• Re: The notion of a "well founded justification tree" will be fullyelaborated

    From Chris M. Thomasson@chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com to sci.logic,comp.ai.philosophy,comp.theory,alt.buddha.short.fat.guy,alt.messianic on Sat Apr 11 14:08:44 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 4/9/2026 11:01 PM, dart200 wrote:
    On 4/9/26 5:43 PM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 04/09/2026 12:55 PM, Chris M. Thomasson wrote:
    On 4/9/2026 10:14 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 04/09/2026 05:46 AM, Alan Mackenzie wrote:
    In sci.math Chris M. Thomasson <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>> On 4/7/2026 12:46 PM, Alan Mackenzie wrote:
    In comp.theory Chris M. Thomasson <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> >>>>>>> wrote:

    [ .... ]

    Why are seemingly trying to justify pedo's?

    You're the sort of person who, 90 years ago in Europe, would be >>>>>>> asking
    "why are you trying to justify Jews?".

    Strange! pedo vs a person who is jewish?

    I just don't believe you're dumb enough not to see the analogy.  We're >>>>> talking about two groups of people who aren't popular in popular
    culture
    (of whatever time), and bullies like you think that justifies them in >>>>> harrassing members of those groups with degrading epithets.

    You used the term "low-life pedo" in this thread, implying that the
    target of your nastiness was less than human.  I suggest you
    reconsider
    all the implications, and then apologise publicly to Peter Olcott in >>>>> this thread.

    Besides everything else, individuals' sexual psychology is not on
    topic
    in the newsgroups this thread is posted to.


    "Otherism" as a usual account is sometimes demonizing specters and then >>>> threatening sympathy with association, and furthermore threatening the >>>> rejection of otherism as association with the demonized, besides the
    wider accounts of "otherism" and "we-think" and "in-group" types of
    pecking and the like, then furthermore is the association with "thought >>>> police" and the like, here vis-a-vis "thought crimes" and "real
    crimes".
    So, besides "un-popular", it's a gross bludgeon.

    Let us recall the stories we'd tell youth, or give youth to discover,
    the fable.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fable
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesop%27s_Fables#Select_fables

    Now, plenty of these fables have consequences,
    and some invoke a specter like "the boogey-man"
    as variously threatens irresponsibility or the unwary,
    or, punishes misbehavior, and even, when that
    invoking the specter, invokes the specter.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boy_Who_Cried_Wolf


    The psycho-sexual in the psycho-logical, is an aspect
    of thinking and feeling beings, largely biological.
    Anyways children should be more concerned with if anybody
    in their class likes them, not whether the world is full
    of monsters, after them. (Nor that they'll become one.)


    There is not a monster under the bed,
    there is not a monster in the closet,
    there is not a monster in the basement,
    there is not a monster in the yard.

    "The only thing to fear is fear itself."

    "So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we >>>> have to fear is fear itself — nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror >>>> which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance." -- FDR >>>>
    There is not a monster in your mind.



    Then, basically it's insulting to make "ad hominem" fallacy.


    I read a good book a few years ago about identity and including
    a chapter on otherism, and how easy it is to see through it,
    I'm thinking it was an "Ian B." or so, if I don't recall,
    something about "politics of identity" or "psychology of identity"
    or along these lines, in the philosophy section though as about
    psychology. If I recall it I'll note it here.


    Anyways, we still need a word for "loves children".

    Thanks for writing.



    A parent loves their children, indeed. Or at least they should? Olcott,
    might love them too much? Oh shit, there I go again.


    Try minding your own business and the old "innocent until proven
    guilty", and not be sham "operant-conditioning" that is still
    back on pigeons and dogs.


    If your actual interests are "protecting the children", and everybody
    else, from dangers real or imagined, how about investigating "ad-tech"
    for billions of counts and counting of "luring", "corruption of a
    minor", "child endangerment", and not even getting into slander and
    libel, "identity theft", "computer crimes", and so on. The "ad-tech"
    is not "social media", it's got no "safe harbor", and having
    algorithm'ed itself it's poisoned itself and pierced its own veil.


    Then, about what used to be "special services", these days with
    the "surveillance tech" making it more like "secret stasis",
    then that's also for busting surveillance tech. That and
    busting all the "seals" covering all kinds of "mistakes".


    Yes, let's protect the children by busting ad-tech and surveillance
    tech. For example, they're liable for anything they know.

    Sometimes: ignorance _is_ a defense.

    idk if u've used the rest of the internet in the last decade or so,

    but pedos are basically the ultimately boogieman that somehow sit below literal serial killers and mass murders on the social media hierarchy,

    usenet (which i only joined last year) is the only place i've ever seen
    any amount of nuance applied to subject, probably because censorship
    doesn't really exist here, and therefore the discussion cannot be shaped
    by the fear of people in charge

    imo this is likely a reflection of an incredibly amount of systemic
    sexual trauma we've received by how modern society represses sexuality during childhood, which i think is an appendage of how religion used to repress it, that somehow snuck it's way into secular society...

    my wife just gave birth to a boy 6 hours ago, and i'm unsure of how to protect him from that during his childhood 😕


    congratulations! Well, you can try to do all you can. But there are bad
    people out there. Those little bastards can sneak in and cause harm. I
    wish you and your family well.
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Chris M. Thomasson@chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com to sci.logic,comp.ai.philosophy,comp.theory,alt.buddha.short.fat.guy,alt.messianic on Sat Apr 11 14:11:10 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 4/10/2026 4:24 PM, Dude wrote:
    On 4/9/2026 11:01 PM, dart200 wrote:

    Why are seemingly trying to justify pedo's?

    my wife just gave birth to a boy 6 hours ago, and i'm unsure of how to
    protect him from that during his childhood 😕

    Don't ever let him onto the internet. It's addictive. Case in point.

    Scary. He has to be able to use the internet, but its the wild west
    filled with predators. Sigh.
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Chris M. Thomasson@chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com to sci.logic,comp.ai.philosophy,comp.theory,alt.buddha.short.fat.guy,alt.messianic on Sat Apr 11 14:12:52 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 4/11/2026 2:11 PM, Chris M. Thomasson wrote:
    On 4/10/2026 4:24 PM, Dude wrote:
    On 4/9/2026 11:01 PM, dart200 wrote:

    Why are seemingly trying to justify pedo's?
    ;
    my wife just gave birth to a boy 6 hours ago, and i'm unsure of how
    to > protect him from that during his childhood 😕
    ;
    Don't ever let him onto the internet. It's addictive. Case in point.

    Scary. He has to be able to use the internet, but its the wild west
    filled with predators. Sigh.

    Case in point: Olcott. Afaict, he never denied why he got arrested...
    Claimed to be god or some crazy shit like that.
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Tristan Wibberley@tristan.wibberley+netnews2@alumni.manchester.ac.uk to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri Apr 24 14:15:31 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 02/04/2026 21:58, olcott wrote:
    To be able to properly ground this in existing foundational
    peer reviewed papers will take some time.


    Won't the intuitive meaning of the phrase require just a non-strict
    description of all the tails of all the derivations of a statement? Is
    that it? A trivial notion of a search space that is defined inductively
    from the goal statement if one has eliminated the potential for a graph
    to occur using a unique resolution of cycles to either one choice or
    none (which I expect you will pick "none") ?
    --
    Tristan Wibberley

    The message body is Copyright (C) 2026 Tristan Wibberley except
    citations and quotations noted. All Rights Reserved except that you may,
    of course, cite it academically giving credit to me, distribute it
    verbatim as part of a usenet system or its archives, and use it to
    promote my greatness and general superiority without misrepresentation
    of my opinions other than my opinion of my greatness and general
    superiority which you _may_ misrepresent. You definitely MAY NOT train
    any production AI system with it but you may train experimental AI that
    will only be used for evaluation of the AI methods it implements.

    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri Apr 24 09:41:15 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 4/24/2026 8:15 AM, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
    On 02/04/2026 21:58, olcott wrote:
    To be able to properly ground this in existing foundational
    peer reviewed papers will take some time.


    Won't the intuitive meaning of the phrase require just a non-strict description of all the tails of all the derivations of a statement? Is
    that it? A trivial notion of a search space that is defined inductively
    from the goal statement if one has eliminated the potential for a graph
    to occur using a unique resolution of cycles to either one choice or
    none (which I expect you will pick "none") ?


    A proposition has a well-founded justification tree
    if there is a sequence of back-chained inference
    steps from that proposition to the axioms of the
    formal system.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri Apr 24 09:54:55 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 4/24/2026 8:15 AM, Tristan Wibberley wrote:
    On 02/04/2026 21:58, olcott wrote:
    To be able to properly ground this in existing foundational
    peer reviewed papers will take some time.


    Won't the intuitive meaning of the phrase require just a non-strict description of all the tails of all the derivations of a statement? Is
    that it? A trivial notion of a search space that is defined inductively
    from the goal statement if one has eliminated the potential for a graph
    to occur using a unique resolution of cycles to either one choice or
    none (which I expect you will pick "none") ?


    This is what I am grounding in peer reviewed papers
    of proof theoretic semantics.

    A proposition P (or its negation) ¬P has a well-founded
    justification tree if there is a sequence of back-chained
    inference steps from P or ¬P to the axioms of the formal
    system. Otherwise P is ungrounded.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri Apr 24 11:24:44 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 4/24/2026 1:08 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 23/04/2026 16:32, olcott wrote:
    On 4/23/2026 1:35 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 22/04/2026 10:45, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 21/04/2026 16:22, olcott wrote:
    On 4/21/2026 1:30 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 16:31, olcott wrote:
    On 4/20/2026 3:49 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 19/04/2026 20:21, olcott wrote:
    On 4/19/2026 3:59 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 18/04/2026 15:58, olcott wrote:

    Unknown truths are not elements of the body of
    knowledge is a semantic tautology. Did you think
    that things that are unknown are known?

    No, but that measn that for some sentences X True(X) is >>>>>>>>>>> unknown and there
    is no method to find out.

    I don't know about philosophers but mathematicians and
    logicians don't
    find it interesting if all you can say that all knowledge is >>>>>>>>>>> knowable
    and everything else is not.

    Ross Finlayson, seemed to endlessly hedge on whether
    or not the truth value of the Goldbach conjecture was
    known. He seemed to think that there are alternative
    analytical frameworks that make the question of whether
    or not its truth value is known an ambiguous question.

    I needed to refer to unknown truth values specifically
    because all "undecidability" when construed correctly
    falls into one of two categories.
    (a) Semantic incoherence
    (b) Unknown truth values.

    A centence can be said to be undecidable when it is known that >>>>>>>>> neither
    the sentence nor its negation is a theorem.

    When we skip model theory and and define True and False
    as the existence of a back chained sequence of inference
    steps of expressions x or ~x reaching axioms

    It is not useful to define new terms for comcepts that already have >>>>>>> good terms.

    The result of undecidability proves that the current
    foundations are incoherent in the same way that
    Russell's paradox proved that naive set theory had
    a glitch.

    Hardly the same way as Russell's paradox proves that there is no
    undecidability in the naive set theory.

    If the sequence of inference steps is restricted to
    valid inferences the term "True" as defined above then "sentence is >>>>>>> true" is just another way to say "sentence is a theorem".

    then it is a yes or no question that has no correct yes
    or no answer within the formal system.

    Even if a question has no answer within a formal theory of natural >>>>>>> numbers it may have an answer in the natural numbers themselves. >>>>>>>
    My system is based on simple type theory and formalized
    natural language.

    This makes it a yes or no question that has no
    correct yes or no answer at all anywhere, thus
    an incorrect polar question.

    How does your system handle questions that are not known to have a >>>>>>> yes or no answer but k´nor known to lack such answer, either,
    e.g. Goldbach's conjecture ?

    out-of-scope of the body of knowledge.
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.

    So the question whether something is in the scope of your system
    is not in the scope of your system? OK, but shoudn't such questions
    be answerable anyway?

    The truth value of the Goldbach conjecture might
    be unknowable if it is true and the only way to
    prove it is true is an infinite number of steps.

    Peano arithmetic is unsolvable, i.e., there is no method to find
    out whether a particular sentence (for exmaple Goldbach conjecture)
    is provable or not. If you find a proof then you know it but it is
    possible that you never find, no matter how much you search.

    Goldbach is unknowable if it is true because
    verifying that it is true requires an infinite
    number of steps.

    That is not known. Perhaps there is an unknown proof that proves it.

    This just means that the truth> value of Goldbach is outside of the
    body of
    knowledge thus outside of the scope of my project.
    While the truth value is not in the body of knowledge someone may
    some day find a way to infer it from what is known.


    A proposition P (or its negation) ¬P has a well-founded
    justification tree if there is a sequence of back-chained
    inference steps from P or ¬P to the axioms of the formal
    system. Otherwise P is ungrounded.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Sat Apr 25 11:20:44 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 24/04/2026 19:24, olcott wrote:
    On 4/24/2026 1:08 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 23/04/2026 16:32, olcott wrote:
    On 4/23/2026 1:35 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 22/04/2026 10:45, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 21/04/2026 16:22, olcott wrote:
    On 4/21/2026 1:30 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 16:31, olcott wrote:
    On 4/20/2026 3:49 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 19/04/2026 20:21, olcott wrote:
    On 4/19/2026 3:59 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 18/04/2026 15:58, olcott wrote:

    Unknown truths are not elements of the body of
    knowledge is a semantic tautology. Did you think
    that things that are unknown are known?

    No, but that measn that for some sentences X True(X) is >>>>>>>>>>>> unknown and there
    is no method to find out.

    I don't know about philosophers but mathematicians and >>>>>>>>>>>> logicians don't
    find it interesting if all you can say that all knowledge is >>>>>>>>>>>> knowable
    and everything else is not.

    Ross Finlayson, seemed to endlessly hedge on whether
    or not the truth value of the Goldbach conjecture was
    known. He seemed to think that there are alternative
    analytical frameworks that make the question of whether
    or not its truth value is known an ambiguous question.

    I needed to refer to unknown truth values specifically
    because all "undecidability" when construed correctly
    falls into one of two categories.
    (a) Semantic incoherence
    (b) Unknown truth values.

    A centence can be said to be undecidable when it is known that >>>>>>>>>> neither
    the sentence nor its negation is a theorem.

    When we skip model theory and and define True and False
    as the existence of a back chained sequence of inference
    steps of expressions x or ~x reaching axioms

    It is not useful to define new terms for comcepts that already have >>>>>>>> good terms.

    The result of undecidability proves that the current
    foundations are incoherent in the same way that
    Russell's paradox proved that naive set theory had
    a glitch.

    Hardly the same way as Russell's paradox proves that there is no
    undecidability in the naive set theory.

    If the sequence of inference steps is restricted to
    valid inferences the term "True" as defined above then "sentence is >>>>>>>> true" is just another way to say "sentence is a theorem".

    then it is a yes or no question that has no correct yes
    or no answer within the formal system.

    Even if a question has no answer within a formal theory of natural >>>>>>>> numbers it may have an answer in the natural numbers themselves. >>>>>>>>
    My system is based on simple type theory and formalized
    natural language.

    This makes it a yes or no question that has no
    correct yes or no answer at all anywhere, thus
    an incorrect polar question.

    How does your system handle questions that are not known to have a >>>>>>>> yes or no answer but k´nor known to lack such answer, either, >>>>>>>> e.g. Goldbach's conjecture ?

    out-of-scope of the body of knowledge.
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.

    So the question whether something is in the scope of your system
    is not in the scope of your system? OK, but shoudn't such questions >>>>>> be answerable anyway?

    The truth value of the Goldbach conjecture might
    be unknowable if it is true and the only way to
    prove it is true is an infinite number of steps.

    Peano arithmetic is unsolvable, i.e., there is no method to find
    out whether a particular sentence (for exmaple Goldbach conjecture)
    is provable or not. If you find a proof then you know it but it is
    possible that you never find, no matter how much you search.

    Goldbach is unknowable if it is true because
    verifying that it is true requires an infinite
    number of steps.

    That is not known. Perhaps there is an unknown proof that proves it.

    This just means that the truth> value of Goldbach is outside of the
    body of
    knowledge thus outside of the scope of my project.
    While the truth value is not in the body of knowledge someone may
    some day find a way to infer it from what is known.

    A proposition P (or its negation) ¬P has a well-founded
    justification tree if there is a sequence of back-chained
    inference steps from P or ¬P to the axioms of the formal
    system. Otherwise P is ungrounded.

    That does not help if it is not known whether such sequence of
    inference steps exists.
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Sat Apr 25 07:25:09 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 4/25/2026 3:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 24/04/2026 19:24, olcott wrote:
    On 4/24/2026 1:08 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 23/04/2026 16:32, olcott wrote:
    On 4/23/2026 1:35 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 22/04/2026 10:45, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 21/04/2026 16:22, olcott wrote:
    On 4/21/2026 1:30 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 16:31, olcott wrote:
    On 4/20/2026 3:49 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 19/04/2026 20:21, olcott wrote:
    On 4/19/2026 3:59 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 18/04/2026 15:58, olcott wrote:

    Unknown truths are not elements of the body of
    knowledge is a semantic tautology. Did you think
    that things that are unknown are known?

    No, but that measn that for some sentences X True(X) is >>>>>>>>>>>>> unknown and there
    is no method to find out.

    I don't know about philosophers but mathematicians and >>>>>>>>>>>>> logicians don't
    find it interesting if all you can say that all knowledge >>>>>>>>>>>>> is knowable
    and everything else is not.

    Ross Finlayson, seemed to endlessly hedge on whether
    or not the truth value of the Goldbach conjecture was
    known. He seemed to think that there are alternative
    analytical frameworks that make the question of whether >>>>>>>>>>>> or not its truth value is known an ambiguous question. >>>>>>>>>>>>
    I needed to refer to unknown truth values specifically >>>>>>>>>>>> because all "undecidability" when construed correctly
    falls into one of two categories.
    (a) Semantic incoherence
    (b) Unknown truth values.

    A centence can be said to be undecidable when it is known >>>>>>>>>>> that neither
    the sentence nor its negation is a theorem.

    When we skip model theory and and define True and False
    as the existence of a back chained sequence of inference
    steps of expressions x or ~x reaching axioms

    It is not useful to define new terms for comcepts that already >>>>>>>>> have
    good terms.

    The result of undecidability proves that the current
    foundations are incoherent in the same way that
    Russell's paradox proved that naive set theory had
    a glitch.

    Hardly the same way as Russell's paradox proves that there is no >>>>>>> undecidability in the naive set theory.

    If the sequence of inference steps is restricted to
    valid inferences the term "True" as defined above then
    "sentence is
    true" is just another way to say "sentence is a theorem".

    then it is a yes or no question that has no correct yes
    or no answer within the formal system.

    Even if a question has no answer within a formal theory of natural >>>>>>>>> numbers it may have an answer in the natural numbers themselves. >>>>>>>>>
    My system is based on simple type theory and formalized
    natural language.

    This makes it a yes or no question that has no
    correct yes or no answer at all anywhere, thus
    an incorrect polar question.

    How does your system handle questions that are not known to have a >>>>>>>>> yes or no answer but k´nor known to lack such answer, either, >>>>>>>>> e.g. Goldbach's conjecture ?

    out-of-scope of the body of knowledge.
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.

    So the question whether something is in the scope of your system >>>>>>> is not in the scope of your system? OK, but shoudn't such questions >>>>>>> be answerable anyway?

    The truth value of the Goldbach conjecture might
    be unknowable if it is true and the only way to
    prove it is true is an infinite number of steps.

    Peano arithmetic is unsolvable, i.e., there is no method to find
    out whether a particular sentence (for exmaple Goldbach conjecture)
    is provable or not. If you find a proof then you know it but it is
    possible that you never find, no matter how much you search.

    Goldbach is unknowable if it is true because
    verifying that it is true requires an infinite
    number of steps.

    That is not known. Perhaps there is an unknown proof that proves it.

    This just means that the truth> value of Goldbach is outside of
    the body of
    knowledge thus outside of the scope of my project.
    While the truth value is not in the body of knowledge someone may
    some day find a way to infer it from what is known.

    A proposition P (or its negation) ¬P has a well-founded
    justification tree if there is a sequence of back-chained
    inference steps from P or ¬P to the axioms of the formal
    system. Otherwise P is ungrounded.

    That does not help if it is not known whether such sequence of
    inference steps exists.


    It does help for the halting problem counter-example input
    and it does help for the 1931 Incompleteness Theorem. Both
    of these are ruled ungrounded rather than undecidable.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Apr 26 11:09:38 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 25/04/2026 15:25, olcott wrote:
    On 4/25/2026 3:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 24/04/2026 19:24, olcott wrote:
    On 4/24/2026 1:08 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 23/04/2026 16:32, olcott wrote:
    On 4/23/2026 1:35 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 22/04/2026 10:45, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 21/04/2026 16:22, olcott wrote:
    On 4/21/2026 1:30 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 16:31, olcott wrote:
    On 4/20/2026 3:49 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 19/04/2026 20:21, olcott wrote:
    On 4/19/2026 3:59 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 18/04/2026 15:58, olcott wrote:

    Unknown truths are not elements of the body of
    knowledge is a semantic tautology. Did you think >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> that things that are unknown are known?

    No, but that measn that for some sentences X True(X) is >>>>>>>>>>>>>> unknown and there
    is no method to find out.

    I don't know about philosophers but mathematicians and >>>>>>>>>>>>>> logicians don't
    find it interesting if all you can say that all knowledge >>>>>>>>>>>>>> is knowable
    and everything else is not.

    Ross Finlayson, seemed to endlessly hedge on whether >>>>>>>>>>>>> or not the truth value of the Goldbach conjecture was >>>>>>>>>>>>> known. He seemed to think that there are alternative >>>>>>>>>>>>> analytical frameworks that make the question of whether >>>>>>>>>>>>> or not its truth value is known an ambiguous question. >>>>>>>>>>>>>
    I needed to refer to unknown truth values specifically >>>>>>>>>>>>> because all "undecidability" when construed correctly >>>>>>>>>>>>> falls into one of two categories.
    (a) Semantic incoherence
    (b) Unknown truth values.

    A centence can be said to be undecidable when it is known >>>>>>>>>>>> that neither
    the sentence nor its negation is a theorem.

    When we skip model theory and and define True and False
    as the existence of a back chained sequence of inference >>>>>>>>>>> steps of expressions x or ~x reaching axioms

    It is not useful to define new terms for comcepts that already >>>>>>>>>> have
    good terms.

    The result of undecidability proves that the current
    foundations are incoherent in the same way that
    Russell's paradox proved that naive set theory had
    a glitch.

    Hardly the same way as Russell's paradox proves that there is no >>>>>>>> undecidability in the naive set theory.

    If the sequence of inference steps is restricted to
    valid inferences the term "True" as defined above then
    "sentence is
    true" is just another way to say "sentence is a theorem".

    then it is a yes or no question that has no correct yes
    or no answer within the formal system.

    Even if a question has no answer within a formal theory of >>>>>>>>>> natural
    numbers it may have an answer in the natural numbers themselves. >>>>>>>>>>
    My system is based on simple type theory and formalized
    natural language.

    This makes it a yes or no question that has no
    correct yes or no answer at all anywhere, thus
    an incorrect polar question.

    How does your system handle questions that are not known to >>>>>>>>>> have a
    yes or no answer but k´nor known to lack such answer, either, >>>>>>>>>> e.g. Goldbach's conjecture ?

    out-of-scope of the body of knowledge.
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.

    So the question whether something is in the scope of your system >>>>>>>> is not in the scope of your system? OK, but shoudn't such questions >>>>>>>> be answerable anyway?

    The truth value of the Goldbach conjecture might
    be unknowable if it is true and the only way to
    prove it is true is an infinite number of steps.

    Peano arithmetic is unsolvable, i.e., there is no method to find
    out whether a particular sentence (for exmaple Goldbach conjecture) >>>>>> is provable or not. If you find a proof then you know it but it is >>>>>> possible that you never find, no matter how much you search.

    Goldbach is unknowable if it is true because
    verifying that it is true requires an infinite
    number of steps.

    That is not known. Perhaps there is an unknown proof that proves it.

    This just means that the truth> value of Goldbach is outside of
    the body of
    knowledge thus outside of the scope of my project.
    While the truth value is not in the body of knowledge someone may
    some day find a way to infer it from what is known.

    A proposition P (or its negation) ¬P has a well-founded
    justification tree if there is a sequence of back-chained
    inference steps from P or ¬P to the axioms of the formal
    system. Otherwise P is ungrounded.

    That does not help if it is not known whether such sequence of
    inference steps exists.

    It does help for the halting problem counter-example input
    and it does help for the 1931 Incompleteness Theorem. Both
    of these are ruled ungrounded rather than undecidable.

    The halting problem counter-example is grounded. One of the following statements is true per the definition of "halting decider":
    - The proposed decider accepts the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider rejects the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider is not a halting decider.
    It is not necessary to know which one is true. Each one is sufficient
    to infer that the propsed decider is not a halting decider.

    Whether a halting oracle is possible is another problem. Accordint to
    the CHurch-Turing thesis it isn't but there is no known proof.
    --
    Mikko

    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Apr 26 08:22:55 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 4/26/2026 3:09 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 25/04/2026 15:25, olcott wrote:
    On 4/25/2026 3:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
    That does not help if it is not known whether such sequence of
    inference steps exists.

    It does help for the halting problem counter-example input
    and it does help for the 1931 Incompleteness Theorem. Both
    of these are ruled ungrounded rather than undecidable.

    The halting problem counter-example is grounded. One of the following statements is true per the definition of "halting decider":
    - The proposed decider accepts the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider rejects the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider is not a halting decider.
    It is not necessary to know which one is true. Each one is sufficient
    to infer that the propsed decider is not a halting decider.

    Whether a halting oracle is possible is another problem. Accordint to
    the CHurch-Turing thesis it isn't but there is no known proof.


    typedef int (*ptr)();
    int HHH(ptr P);

    int DD()
    {
    int Halt_Status = HHH(DD);
    if (Halt_Status)
    HERE: goto HERE;
    return Halt_Status;
    }

    int main()
    {
    HHH(DD);
    }

    Proof theoretic halt prover HHH is fully operational
    code since 2022 can correctly rejects its input DD
    as lacking a well-founded justification tree.

    HHH is on line 1081
    https://github.com/plolcott/x86utm/blob/master/Halt7.c

    HHH is a proof-theoretic-semantics halt prover:
    it accepts exactly those programs whose simulation
    admits a finite, well-founded justification tree,
    and rejects those whose simulation is non-well-founded.

    Under the operational semantics of C as implemented
    by HHH, the simulation of DD induces a recursive
    self-reference cycle; therefore, no finite, well-founded
    justification tree exists for DD under HHH.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Richard Damon@Richard@Damon-Family.org to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Apr 26 20:14:58 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 4/26/26 9:22 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 4/26/2026 3:09 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 25/04/2026 15:25, olcott wrote:
    On 4/25/2026 3:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
    That does not help if it is not known whether such sequence of
    inference steps exists.

    It does help for the halting problem counter-example input
    and it does help for the 1931 Incompleteness Theorem. Both
    of these are ruled ungrounded rather than undecidable.

    The halting problem counter-example is grounded. One of the following
    statements is true per the definition of "halting decider":
    - The proposed decider accepts the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider rejects the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider is not a halting decider.
    It is not necessary to know which one is true. Each one is sufficient
    to infer that the propsed decider is not a halting decider.

    Whether a halting oracle is possible is another problem. Accordint to
    the CHurch-Turing thesis it isn't but there is no known proof.


    typedef int (*ptr)();
    int HHH(ptr P);

    int DD()
    {
      int Halt_Status = HHH(DD);
      if (Halt_Status)
        HERE: goto HERE;
      return Halt_Status;
    }

    int main()
    {
      HHH(DD);
    }

    Proof theoretic halt prover HHH is fully operational
    code since 2022 can correctly rejects its input DD
    as lacking a well-founded justification tree.

    HHH is on line 1081
    https://github.com/plolcott/x86utm/blob/master/Halt7.c

    HHH is a proof-theoretic-semantics halt prover:
    it accepts exactly those programs whose simulation
    admits a finite, well-founded justification tree,
    and rejects those whose simulation is non-well-founded.

    Under the operational semantics of C as implemented
    by HHH, the simulation of DD induces a recursive
    self-reference cycle; therefore, no finite, well-founded
    justification tree exists for DD under HHH.


    Then why does it get the wrong answer?

    For DD to be a valid input for the halting question, it must be an
    actual representation of an actual program, and thus is contains the
    actual code of the HHH that you claim to be talking about.

    Since that DD deos halt, that means there exsit a well-founded
    justification tree to prove that it halts, and thus HHH is just
    incorrect to say otherwise, an your claim that it is justified just
    shows that you are either too stupid to know what you are talking about,
    or just a pathological liar that can't see the problem.

    And DD does NOT induce an unlimited recursive self-reference cycle, as
    DD only has "semanitics" specified by the C language when we include the ACTUAL code for your HHH, which DOES abort and return.

    Your problem is you think it is ok to LIE and claim that you HHHY
    actually follows the sematics of C, and the "as implemented by HHH" is
    just weasel words to hide the fact that you are just a blantant liar.

    After all, HHH doesn't even see the "C Code" so can't interpreat its
    input by that standard, showing how mush of a stupid liar you are.
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Mon Apr 27 12:22:22 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 26/04/2026 16:22, olcott wrote:
    On 4/26/2026 3:09 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 25/04/2026 15:25, olcott wrote:
    On 4/25/2026 3:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
    That does not help if it is not known whether such sequence of
    inference steps exists.

    It does help for the halting problem counter-example input
    and it does help for the 1931 Incompleteness Theorem. Both
    of these are ruled ungrounded rather than undecidable.

    The halting problem counter-example is grounded. One of the following
    statements is true per the definition of "halting decider":
    - The proposed decider accepts the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider rejects the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider is not a halting decider.
    It is not necessary to know which one is true. Each one is sufficient
    to infer that the propsed decider is not a halting decider.

    Whether a halting oracle is possible is another problem. Accordint to
    the CHurch-Turing thesis it isn't but there is no known proof.


    typedef int (*ptr)();
    int HHH(ptr P);

    int DD()
    {
      int Halt_Status = HHH(DD);
      if (Halt_Status)
        HERE: goto HERE;
      return Halt_Status;
    }

    int main()
    {
      HHH(DD);
    }

    Proof theoretic halt prover HHH is fully operational
    code since 2022 can correctly rejects its input DD
    as lacking a well-founded justification tree.

    Which is not quite correct. The input should be rejected as incomplete
    (unless the exact meaning of HHH is a part of the input language).

    It does not make sense to say that the input ahs or lacks a
    justification tree (just like it does not make sense that the
    input "25 + 79" to an addition program has or lacks a justification
    tree). There is nothing in the input that requires a justification
    tree. The output must have a justification tree, though usually a
    decider is not required to show it. Also the justification tree
    (or some other form of proof) of the correctness is often required.

    HHH is on line 1081
    https://github.com/plolcott/x86utm/blob/master/Halt7.c

    If HHH in DD is interpreted to mean that routime then the question
    whether a call to DD ever returns (instead of looping forever or
    aborting for stack or heap overflow or some other reason) is valid.

    HHH is a proof-theoretic-semantics halt prover:
    it accepts exactly those programs whose simulation
    admits a finite, well-founded justification tree,
    and rejects those whose simulation is non-well-founded.

    It does not count as a prover as it does not output a proof.
    For a halting computation the excution trace is almost all
    of a proof but for a non-halting computation it isn't.
    Under the operational semantics of C as implemented
    by HHH, the simulation of DD induces a recursive
    self-reference cycle; therefore, no finite, well-founded
    justification tree exists for DD under HHH.
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy,sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic on Mon Apr 27 09:47:37 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 4/27/2026 4:22 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 26/04/2026 16:22, olcott wrote:
    On 4/26/2026 3:09 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 25/04/2026 15:25, olcott wrote:
    On 4/25/2026 3:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
    That does not help if it is not known whether such sequence of >>>>> inference steps exists.

    It does help for the halting problem counter-example input
    and it does help for the 1931 Incompleteness Theorem. Both
    of these are ruled ungrounded rather than undecidable.

    The halting problem counter-example is grounded. One of the following
    statements is true per the definition of "halting decider":
    - The proposed decider accepts the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider rejects the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider is not a halting decider.
    It is not necessary to know which one is true. Each one is sufficient
    to infer that the propsed decider is not a halting decider.

    Whether a halting oracle is possible is another problem. Accordint to
    the CHurch-Turing thesis it isn't but there is no known proof.


    typedef int (*ptr)();
    int HHH(ptr P);

    int DD()
    {
       int Halt_Status = HHH(DD);
       if (Halt_Status)
         HERE: goto HERE;
       return Halt_Status;
    }

    int main()
    {
       HHH(DD);
    }

    Proof theoretic halt prover HHH is fully operational
    code since 2022 can correctly rejects its input DD
    as lacking a well-founded justification tree.

    Which is not quite correct. The input should be rejected as incomplete (unless the exact meaning of HHH is a part of the input language).


    Until you become a PTS expert your critique of
    my work is like a carpenter trying to provide
    medical advice on the basis of carpentry skills.

    It does not make sense to say that the input has or lacks a
    justification tree

    Until you quit being an ignoramus about prof theoretic semantics.
    Then is make perfect sense.

    lacking a justification tree means that the computation
    never halts with a result.

    (just like it does not make sense that the
    input "25 + 79" to an addition program has or lacks a justification
    tree). There is nothing in the input that requires a justification
    tree. The output must have a justification tree, though usually a
    decider is not required to show it. Also the justification tree
    (or some other form of proof) of the correctness is often required.

    HHH is on line 1081
    https://github.com/plolcott/x86utm/blob/master/Halt7.c

    If HHH in DD is interpreted to mean that routime then the question
    whether a call to DD ever returns (instead of looping forever or
    aborting for stack or heap overflow or some other reason) is valid.


    Proof theoretic halt prover correctly rejects it input
    DD because the inference steps of DD simulated by HHH
    in the inference language cannot possibly come to a
    normal termination.

    HHH is a proof-theoretic-semantics halt prover:
    it accepts exactly those programs whose simulation
    admits a finite, well-founded justification tree,
    and rejects those whose simulation is non-well-founded.

    It does not count as a prover as it does not output a proof.
    For a halting computation the excution trace is almost all
    of a proof but for a non-halting computation it isn't.


    The inference steps get stuck in a repeating state. HHH sees that
    and rejects DD on that basis.

    Under the operational semantics of C as implemented
    by HHH, the simulation of DD induces a recursive
    self-reference cycle; therefore, no finite, well-founded
    justification tree exists for DD under HHH.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy,sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic on Tue Apr 28 10:55:06 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 27/04/2026 17:47, olcott wrote:
    On 4/27/2026 4:22 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 26/04/2026 16:22, olcott wrote:
    On 4/26/2026 3:09 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 25/04/2026 15:25, olcott wrote:
    On 4/25/2026 3:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
    That does not help if it is not known whether such sequence of >>>>>> inference steps exists.

    It does help for the halting problem counter-example input
    and it does help for the 1931 Incompleteness Theorem. Both
    of these are ruled ungrounded rather than undecidable.

    The halting problem counter-example is grounded. One of the following
    statements is true per the definition of "halting decider":
    - The proposed decider accepts the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider rejects the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider is not a halting decider.
    It is not necessary to know which one is true. Each one is sufficient
    to infer that the propsed decider is not a halting decider.

    Whether a halting oracle is possible is another problem. Accordint to
    the CHurch-Turing thesis it isn't but there is no known proof.


    typedef int (*ptr)();
    int HHH(ptr P);

    int DD()
    {
       int Halt_Status = HHH(DD);
       if (Halt_Status)
         HERE: goto HERE;
       return Halt_Status;
    }

    int main()
    {
       HHH(DD);
    }

    Proof theoretic halt prover HHH is fully operational
    code since 2022 can correctly rejects its input DD
    as lacking a well-founded justification tree.

    Which is not quite correct. The input should be rejected as incomplete
    (unless the exact meaning of HHH is a part of the input language).

    Until you become a PTS expert your critique of
    my work is like a carpenter trying to provide
    medical advice on the basis of carpentry skills.

    If your best argument is an ad-hominem fallacy you have nothing
    worth of notice to say about the halting problem.
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Tue Apr 28 07:24:55 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 4/28/2026 2:55 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 27/04/2026 17:47, olcott wrote:
    On 4/27/2026 4:22 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 26/04/2026 16:22, olcott wrote:
    On 4/26/2026 3:09 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 25/04/2026 15:25, olcott wrote:
    On 4/25/2026 3:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
    That does not help if it is not known whether such sequence of >>>>>>> inference steps exists.

    It does help for the halting problem counter-example input
    and it does help for the 1931 Incompleteness Theorem. Both
    of these are ruled ungrounded rather than undecidable.

    The halting problem counter-example is grounded. One of the following >>>>> statements is true per the definition of "halting decider":
    - The proposed decider accepts the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider rejects the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider is not a halting decider.
    It is not necessary to know which one is true. Each one is sufficient >>>>> to infer that the propsed decider is not a halting decider.

    Whether a halting oracle is possible is another problem. Accordint to >>>>> the CHurch-Turing thesis it isn't but there is no known proof.


    typedef int (*ptr)();
    int HHH(ptr P);

    int DD()
    {
       int Halt_Status = HHH(DD);
       if (Halt_Status)
         HERE: goto HERE;
       return Halt_Status;
    }

    int main()
    {
       HHH(DD);
    }

    Proof theoretic halt prover HHH is fully operational
    code since 2022 can correctly rejects its input DD
    as lacking a well-founded justification tree.

    Which is not quite correct. The input should be rejected as incomplete
    (unless the exact meaning of HHH is a part of the input language).

    Until you become a PTS expert your critique of
    my work is like a carpenter trying to provide
    medical advice on the basis of carpentry skills.

    If your best argument is an ad-hominem fallacy you have nothing
    worth of notice to say about the halting problem.


    I am pointing out a specific mandatory prerequisite
    that you lack. It is incorrect to dismiss a view
    that you do not understand on the basis of your
    own lack of understanding.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.
    The complete structure of this system is now defined.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Wed Apr 29 09:57:36 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 28/04/2026 15:24, olcott wrote:
    On 4/28/2026 2:55 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 27/04/2026 17:47, olcott wrote:
    On 4/27/2026 4:22 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 26/04/2026 16:22, olcott wrote:
    On 4/26/2026 3:09 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 25/04/2026 15:25, olcott wrote:
    On 4/25/2026 3:20 AM, Mikko wrote:
    That does not help if it is not known whether such sequence of >>>>>>>> inference steps exists.

    It does help for the halting problem counter-example input
    and it does help for the 1931 Incompleteness Theorem. Both
    of these are ruled ungrounded rather than undecidable.

    The halting problem counter-example is grounded. One of the following >>>>>> statements is true per the definition of "halting decider":
    - The proposed decider accepts the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider rejects the counter-example.
    - The proposed decider is not a halting decider.
    It is not necessary to know which one is true. Each one is sufficient >>>>>> to infer that the propsed decider is not a halting decider.

    Whether a halting oracle is possible is another problem. Accordint to >>>>>> the CHurch-Turing thesis it isn't but there is no known proof.


    typedef int (*ptr)();
    int HHH(ptr P);

    int DD()
    {
       int Halt_Status = HHH(DD);
       if (Halt_Status)
         HERE: goto HERE;
       return Halt_Status;
    }

    int main()
    {
       HHH(DD);
    }

    Proof theoretic halt prover HHH is fully operational
    code since 2022 can correctly rejects its input DD
    as lacking a well-founded justification tree.

    Which is not quite correct. The input should be rejected as incomplete >>>> (unless the exact meaning of HHH is a part of the input language).

    Until you become a PTS expert your critique of
    my work is like a carpenter trying to provide
    medical advice on the basis of carpentry skills.

    If your best argument is an ad-hominem fallacy you have nothing
    worth of notice to say about the halting problem.


    I am pointing out a specific mandatory prerequisite
    that you lack.

    Being wrong about one thing does not mean that you be right about
    another.

    It is incorrect to dismiss a view
    that you do not understand on the basis of your
    own lack of understanding.

    You already did. But I agree that it was incorrect.
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to sci.logic,sci.math,sci.math.symbolic,comp.theory,comp.ai.philosophy on Thu Apr 30 11:04:58 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.ai.philosophy

    On 24/04/2026 19:24, olcott wrote:
    On 4/24/2026 1:08 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 23/04/2026 16:32, olcott wrote:
    On 4/23/2026 1:35 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 22/04/2026 10:45, olcott wrote:
    On 4/22/2026 2:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 21/04/2026 16:22, olcott wrote:
    On 4/21/2026 1:30 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 20/04/2026 16:31, olcott wrote:
    On 4/20/2026 3:49 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 19/04/2026 20:21, olcott wrote:
    On 4/19/2026 3:59 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 18/04/2026 15:58, olcott wrote:

    Unknown truths are not elements of the body of
    knowledge is a semantic tautology. Did you think
    that things that are unknown are known?

    No, but that measn that for some sentences X True(X) is >>>>>>>>>>>> unknown and there
    is no method to find out.

    I don't know about philosophers but mathematicians and >>>>>>>>>>>> logicians don't
    find it interesting if all you can say that all knowledge is >>>>>>>>>>>> knowable
    and everything else is not.

    Ross Finlayson, seemed to endlessly hedge on whether
    or not the truth value of the Goldbach conjecture was
    known. He seemed to think that there are alternative
    analytical frameworks that make the question of whether
    or not its truth value is known an ambiguous question.

    I needed to refer to unknown truth values specifically
    because all "undecidability" when construed correctly
    falls into one of two categories.
    (a) Semantic incoherence
    (b) Unknown truth values.

    A centence can be said to be undecidable when it is known that >>>>>>>>>> neither
    the sentence nor its negation is a theorem.

    When we skip model theory and and define True and False
    as the existence of a back chained sequence of inference
    steps of expressions x or ~x reaching axioms

    It is not useful to define new terms for comcepts that already have >>>>>>>> good terms.

    The result of undecidability proves that the current
    foundations are incoherent in the same way that
    Russell's paradox proved that naive set theory had
    a glitch.

    Hardly the same way as Russell's paradox proves that there is no
    undecidability in the naive set theory.

    If the sequence of inference steps is restricted to
    valid inferences the term "True" as defined above then "sentence is >>>>>>>> true" is just another way to say "sentence is a theorem".

    then it is a yes or no question that has no correct yes
    or no answer within the formal system.

    Even if a question has no answer within a formal theory of natural >>>>>>>> numbers it may have an answer in the natural numbers themselves. >>>>>>>>
    My system is based on simple type theory and formalized
    natural language.

    This makes it a yes or no question that has no
    correct yes or no answer at all anywhere, thus
    an incorrect polar question.

    How does your system handle questions that are not known to have a >>>>>>>> yes or no answer but k´nor known to lack such answer, either, >>>>>>>> e.g. Goldbach's conjecture ?

    out-of-scope of the body of knowledge.
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable for the entire body of knowledge.

    So the question whether something is in the scope of your system
    is not in the scope of your system? OK, but shoudn't such questions >>>>>> be answerable anyway?

    The truth value of the Goldbach conjecture might
    be unknowable if it is true and the only way to
    prove it is true is an infinite number of steps.

    Peano arithmetic is unsolvable, i.e., there is no method to find
    out whether a particular sentence (for exmaple Goldbach conjecture)
    is provable or not. If you find a proof then you know it but it is
    possible that you never find, no matter how much you search.

    Goldbach is unknowable if it is true because
    verifying that it is true requires an infinite
    number of steps.

    That is not known. Perhaps there is an unknown proof that proves it.

    This just means that the truth> value of Goldbach is outside of the
    body of
    knowledge thus outside of the scope of my project.
    While the truth value is not in the body of knowledge someone may
    some day find a way to infer it from what is known.

    A proposition P (or its negation) ¬P has a well-founded
    justification tree if there is a sequence of back-chained
    inference steps from P or ¬P to the axioms of the formal
    system. Otherwise P is ungrounded.

    If there is such proposition P in the language of a theory then
    that tehory is said to be "incomplete". Every theory of natural
    numbers is an example.

    If there is no way to find out whether a proposition has a well-founded justification tree then the theory is said to be "unsolvable". Peano
    arithmetic is an example but there are even simpler examples, e.g. the
    first order theory of a group.
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21f-Linux NewsLink 1.2